Black Gram Cultivation (Urad Dal) In India
In India generally, most of the peoples are vegetarian and they are depending on the grains and beans. Every human requires a big amount of protein for a healthy life and black gram is the great source of protein. So we must increase the manufacture of Black Garm Cultivation. Here in this article, you will see the step by step guide for the successful Black Gram Cultivation In India.
The Black gram is also famous as a “Urad Dal” and it is mainly used in food for making dal. The scientific name of the black gram is “Vigna Mungo”. Black gram is used for making various types of south Indian breakfast such as dosa, idli, and vada. It is also used for to create papad.
Where Is Black Gram Grown In India?
- Madhya Pradesh
- Uttar Pradesh
- Punjab
- Maharashtra
- West Bengal
- Andhra Pradesh
- Orissa.
- Tamil Nadu
- Karnataka
Climatic Conditions Required For Growing Black Gram
Black gram cultivation is suitable for moist and hot weather condition. Normally, the farmers sowing this black gram in summer and Kharif or rainy seasons. The temperature in between 25 to 350 C is perfect for the black gram cultivation in India. Black gram cultivation process requires the 60 to 75 cm annual rainfall but heavy rain damage the flower. Black gram farming is done successfully at 1800 meters high from the sea level.
Type Of Soil Required For Black Gram Cultivation
Black gram cultivation requires the black cotton soil, sandy loam, loam or heavy clay loam soils. It does not grow well in the waterlogged, saline soil and alkaline soils. Black gram is grown well on all types of little heavy soil. Black gram crop also requires the natural PH of the soil it is appropriate for the high yield. The soil must have a better water holding potential and well drained.
Land Preparation For Black Gram Cultivation
If you want to plan for black gram cultivation then first of all the land preparations are very needful. The selected land must not be sown the black gram in a previous year. You are planning to start cultivation in Kharif season then plowed the selected land in summer by using two or three harrowing. Before sowing a seed in field remove the extra weed and stone from the land. Apply 5 to 6-tonne compost or farm yard manure before sowing black gram. You can also provide the irrigation if it is required before sowing the seeds.
Seed Selection And Treatment In Black Gram Cultivation
The selection of seed plays the most important role for the successful black gram cultivation. When you select the seed for black gram cultivation then must care the selected seeds should be free from the pest, insect, diseases, dust particles and weed. Seed should be well growing and clean. Generally, prefer to purchase seeds from the Agril, research station, Agril service centers, Agriclinics and registered seed companies.
First, apply 2.5-gram thiram on one kg black gram seeds. Also, treat this selected seeds with rhizobium and atmospheric nitrogen.
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Black Gram Sowing Season And Method
The appropriate time for sowing black gram seeds for Kharif season is the 15 to 30 of June. If you are planning for the summer black gram crop then the February third week to April first week is better for the sowing seeds.
There are basically two methods are available for the sowing seed and this both method can be done by using the tractor or Bullock Ferti-cum-seed drill.
- Line sowing method
- Drilling sowing method
You can use this Ferti-cum-seed drill for applying the fertilizers and sowing seed at the same time. The maximum depth of the sown seed must be 5 to 6 cm.
Black Gram Seed Rate And Space
The price of the black gram seeds is relying on the variety of seed.
| Season | Seed rate | Spacing |
|---|---|---|
| Kharif | 12 to 15 kg / ha | 30 X 10 cm |
| Summer | 20 to 25 kg / ha | 20-25 X 10 cm |
Fertilizer For Black Gram Cultivation
In the following table, you will see the require fertilizer amount for black gram depending on the soil test report. You can apply this fertilizer on a field after 25 to 35 days of seed sowing and the second time after 40 to 50 days.
| Sr. No. | NPK dose (kg/ha) | Fertilizer (kg/ha) | Time of application |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 20 kg N | 44 kg Urea | Basal application at the of sowing with ferti-cum-seed drill |
| 2. | 40 kg P | 250 kg SSP | Basal application at the of sowing with ferti-cum-seed drill |
| 3. | 40 kg K | 67 kg MOP | Basal application at the of sowing with ferti-cum-seed drill |
Irrigation Required For Black Gram Cultivation
There are many irrigation systems are available in latest technology like drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro jet, and basin irrigation but suitable irrigation for the black gram cultivation are depending on the weather condition and soil type.
Black gram cultivation only requires irrigation in a summer season. It does not require irrigation in rainy seasons. The black gram plant requires irrigation in the interval of 10 to 15 days. Black gram plant needed a moisture in the soil during the flowering to pod phase.
Weed Management In Black Gram Cultivation
You must remove the extra weed from the field after the 40 days of seed sowing. On the basis of weed intensity, you must do one or two weeding by using hands. You can also control the weed by using some chemical. Take one kg Fluchloralin (Basalin) for one hectare land and mix in 800-1000 liters of water and apply this mixture on a field.
Pest And Diseases Of Black Gram
Black Gram Insect
- Stem fly
- Leaf hopper
- Aphid
- White fly
- Hairy caterpillar
- Jassids
Black Gram Diseases
- Cercospora leaf spot
- Bacterial leaf blight
- Anthracnose
- Powdery mildew
- Root rot and leaf blight
- Rust
- Stem canker and Macrophomina blight
- Yellow mosaic disease
- Leaf crinkle
Harvesting Of Black Gram Cultivation In India
The harvesting of the black gram cultivation takes place when the black gram Pods and plants are dried, black gram beans become dry and hard. At the time of harvesting at list 20-22 % of moisture require in the black gram cereal. Pod breaks down during the harvesting is a general trouble in a pulse so, immediately harvest the black gram pods when it is mature. When black gram pods are dried completely then cereal are threshed from the pods by using a machine or manually.
Black Gram Cultivation Video
What are the health benefits of urad dal?
- Black gram help to reduce the digestive aid and improve the digestion.
- It is the energy booster.
- It maintains the bone mineral density so good for improving bone.
- Blak gram preventing diabetes.
- Also, helps for Skin Protection.
- Black gram relief the Pain and Inflammation.
- Different black gram foods are good for pregnant women.
- It is good for the heart health.
- Black gram useful for hair care.
Black Gram Price Today
The today average price of a black gram in India is 120 Rs to 130 Rs per kg.
Various Names Of Black Gram Dal In India
- Urad Dal (Hindi),
- Minumulu (Telugu)
- Ulundu Paruppu (Tamil)
- Uzhunnu Parippu (Malayalam)
- Uddina bele (Kannada)
- Masakalai dala (Bengali)
- Biri dali (Oriya)
- Kaali Dal(Marathi)
- Adad Dal (Gujarati)
Black Gram Varieties In India
| Sr. No. | Varieties | Duration (Days) | Production (Q/ha) | Characters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | BDU-1 | 70-75 | 10-12 | Bold seed |
| 2. | TAU-1 | 65-70 | 10-12 | Bold seed, Fast growth |
| 3. | TPU-4 | 70-75 | 10-12 | Bold black seed |
| 4. | TAU-2 | 70-75 | 10-12 | Bold seed, suitable for heavy soil |
| 5. | Pant U-35 | 80-85 | 12-15 | Medium black seed, high yielding |
| 6. | Azad-1 | 80-90 | 12-14 | Medium black seed |
| 7. | Naveen | 90-95 | 10-12 | Light yellowish green colour seed |
| 8. | Pusa-1 | 80-90 | 12-15 | Resistant to yellow mosaic virus |
| 9. | Krishna | 90-100 | 8-10 | Bold seeds |
| 10. | Pant U-30 | 68-75 | 12-15 | Hairy and black pods |
Black Gram Nutrition Information
| Nutritious Name | Amount/100g |
| Protein | 25g |
| Potassium | 983 mg |
| Calcium | 138 mg |
| Iron | 7.57 mg |
| Niacin | 1.447 mg |
| Thiamine | 0.273 mg |
| Riboflavin | 0.254 mg |
Black Gram Yield Per Hectare
In black gram cultivation yield of black gram dal mainly depends on the climate, field management, irrigation, variety and quality of seeds, and fertilizers. If you have a proper land and good farm management then you can get the 450 kg black gram crop per hectare.
- 800 kg -1100 kg /acre.
- 12 to 15 quintals / hectare.
In the Indian market, Black Gram(Urad Dal) are very demanded. India climate conditions are very suitable for the Black Garm So, you can get the good returns from the Black Gram Cultivation. This all information that is required for any farmer or investor to grow a Blak Gram Dal.
I hope I have covered the all informative details for the rose farming process. If you like this information then please gives your review in the comment box and share this information with you other investor/ farmers friends.
