what is agricultural diffusion

The diffusion of agricultural innovations is a process whereby new ways of doing things are spread within and between agrarian communities.

Full
Answer

What are the industrial applications of diffusion?

 · The Diffusion of Agriculture The cultural shift from hunter-gatherers to agriculture is also called the Neolithic Revolution. It was not just an era of farming and emerging cities, but a time of…

What is agricultural diversity?

What was the first agricultural revolution?

Which is the best definition of agricultural hearths?

 · First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution Transition from hunting and gathering to growing plants and raising livestock -> people began to understand seeds, watering, and plant/animal care The practices developed overtime and diffused globally largely through contagious diffusion First spread to Central Asia and eventually across Europe 2.

What type of diffusion is agriculture?

Social diffusion refers to the spread of an innovation from its originating sources (in the case of new farm practices usually agricultural scientists) among a group of potential users.

How was agriculture diffused?

New hearths of innovation appeared as people developed new agricultural techniques, from systematic irrigation to metal plows, and those innovations were diffused through migration and cultural contact. In the modern world, we can see this through the diffusion of industrial and scientific farming techniques.

What is diffusion process in agricultural extension?

Specifically, the adoption-diffusion model was originally developed to explain the educational processes that led agriculture producers to accept new idea. Rogers (1995) defines diffusion as, “the processes by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system.

What is agricultural transformations?

Agricultural transformation is the process by which an agri-food system 3 transforms over time from being subsistence-oriented and farm-centered into one that is more commercialized, productive, and off-farm centered (Timmer, 1988).

When did seed agriculture diffuse?

Sometime around 12,000 years ago, our hunter-gatherer ancestors began trying their hand at farming. First, they grew wild varieties of crops like peas, lentils and barley and herded wild animals like goats and wild oxen.

How did the spread of agriculture affect trade?

People settled near sources of fresh water, like rivers. How did the spread of agriculture affect trade? The farmers had discovered which grains gave the best yields and selected these for planting. They produced more food than they needed and were able to feed non-farmers such as craft workers and traders.

What is diffusion process?

diffusion, process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. A familiar example is the perfume of a flower that quickly permeates the still air of a room.

What is meant by term diffusion?

Diffusion is defined as the movement of individual molecules of a substance through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration [34].

What is diffusion effect?

Diffusion is a mass transfer phenomenon that causes the distribution of a chemical species to become more uniform in space as time passes. In this case, species is a chemical dissolved in a solvent or a component in a gas mixture, such as the oxygen in air.

What are the stages of agricultural transformation?

The contemporary view recognizes the evolving role of agriculture in development, roughly definable in four phases: (i) Beginning phase—agricultural labor productivity starts to increase; (ii) Agricultural surplus—agricultural productivity growth generates surplus towards the development of the nonagricultural sector; …

What is the transformation of agricultural products into food?

Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing includes many forms of processing foods, from grinding grain to make raw flour to home cooking to complex industrial methods used to make convenience foods.

How agricultural transformation can improve productivity?

The mechanisms by which agricultural growth promotes transformation in the wider economy includes: (a) Higher agricultural productivity of labor means that labor can be released from agriculture into employment in relatively well remunerated rural and urban non-agricultural sectors; (b) Increased demand for …

What is the green revolution in agriculture?

Ray Offenheiser: The Green Revolution was the emergence of new varieties of crops, specifically wheat and rice varietals, that were able to double if not triple production of those crops in two countries.

When did the first agricultural revolution occur?

about 12,000 years agoThe Neolithic Revolution—also referred to as the Agricultural Revolution—is thought to have begun about 12,000 years ago.

When did the agricultural revolution start and end?

The Agricultural Revolution, the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries, was linked to such new agricultural practices as crop rotation, selective breeding, and a more productive use of arable land.

What are the advances and impacts of the Second Agricultural Revolution?

The Second Agricultural Revolution accompanied the Industrial Revolution that began in Great Britain in the 18th century. It involved the mechanization of agricultural production, advances in transportation, development of large-scale irrigation, and changes to consumption patterns of agricultural goods.

What is diffusion in agriculture?

New technologies are introduced gradually; diffusion is the process through which technologies spread throughout the farm sector over time. While adoption is the decision by an individual producer to use a new technology at a given moment, diffusion is the aggregate measure of adoption decisions. Early studies of diffusion were conducted by sociologists. Rogers (1962) measured technology usage as a fraction of farmers that had adopted a certain technology at a given point in time. Other studies measured diffusion by the fraction of land employed with the new technology. Rogers noticed that diffusion rates of hybrid corn in the United States fit very well as an S-shaped function of time:

What is the difference between adoption and diffusion?

While adoption is the decision by an individual producer to use a new technology at a given moment, diffusion is the aggregate measure of adoption decisions. Early studies of diffusion were conducted by sociologists.

What is diffusion in agriculture?

The diffusion of agricultural innovations is a process whereby new ways of doing things are spread within and between agrarian communities. Newness implies a degree of uncertainty both because there are a variable number of alternatives and because there is usually some range of relative probability of outcomes associated with the actions involved. Rogers (1983) stresses that the diffusion of innovations includes the communication of information, by various means, about these sets of alternative actions and their possible outcomes. Information about innovations may come via impersonal channels, such as the mass media, or it may pass through social networks. From an individual’s point of view, the process of innovation is usually conceived to start with initial awareness of the innovation and how it functions. It ends with adoption or nonadoption. In between these end points is an interactive, iterative process of attitude formation, decision making, and action. The cumulative frequency of adopters over time describes an S-shaped (logistic) curve. The frequency distribution over time is often bellshaped and approximately normal.

What is adoption diffusion research?

Adoption-diffusion research in rural sociology has dominated all research traditions studying innovation. Rural sociology produced 791 (26 percent) of 3,085 studies up to 1981 (Rogers 1983, p. 52). Most of this research relied upon correlational analysis of survey data based on farmers’ recall of past behaviors. This kind of study reached its peak in the mid 1960s. By the mid 1970s the farm crisis in the United States and the global depression spurred rural sociologists to begin to reevaluate this tradition. By the 1980s global export markets had shrunk, farm commodity prices had fallen, net farm incomes had declined, and high interest rates had resulted in poor debt-to-asset ratios. What followed was a massive (50 percent) decapitalization of agriculture, particularly in the Midwest and Great Plains.

What are the criticisms of adoption diffusion?

Criticisms of adoption-diffusion research include (1) pro-innovation bias; (2) a lack of consideration of all the consequences of innovation; (3) an individual bias; (4) methods problems; (5) American ethnocentric biases; (6) the passing of the dominant modernization-development paradigm.

What is diffusion of innovations?

Rogers (1983) stresses that the diffusion of innovations includes the communication of information, by various means, about these sets of alternative actions and their possible outcomes. Information about innovations may come via impersonal channels, such as the mass media, or it may pass through social networks.

What is the process of innovation?

From an individual’s point of view, the process of innovation is usually conceived to start with initial awareness of the innovation and how it functions. It ends with adoption or nonadoption. In between these end points is an interactive, iterative process of attitude formation, decision making, and action.