what is drainage in agriculture

Drainage system in agriculture

• Drainage. Agricultural drainage is the removal of excess water, known as free water or gravitational water, from the surface soil or below to create favorable soil conditions for plant growth.
• Surface drainage. …
• Sub-surface or internal drainage. …
• Objective of drainage. …
• Factors controlling method of drainage. …

Full
Answer

What are the different types of farm drainage?

“Drainage (agriculture) is saturation of removal of excess water from the field to ensure a favorable salt balance in the soil and water table optimum for crop growth and development”. Drainage aims at maintenance of soil moisture within …

Why is agricultural drainage important?

drainage, in agriculture, the artificial removal of water from land. Drainage is employed in the reclamation of wetlands, in the prevention of erosion, and as a concomitant of irrigation in the agriculture of arid regions.

How to drain wet land?

Drainage, in agriculture, the artificial removal of water from land; drainage is employed in the reclamation of wetlands, in the prevention of erosion, and as a concomitant of irrigation in the agriculture of arid regions.

What is an agricultural drain?

Monitoring of shallow groundwater and agricultural drainage water is an integral activity to determining the effectiveness of management practices. The drainage problem is an outgrowth of imported water, naturally saline soils, and the valley’s distinctive geological makeup that prevents effective natural drainage in certain areas.

What is the meaning of drainage in agriculture?

the artificial removal of water from landdrainage, in agriculture, the artificial removal of water from land. Drainage is employed in the reclamation of wetlands, in the prevention of erosion, and as a concomitant of irrigation in the agriculture of arid regions.

What is drainage and types of drainage?

There are two main types of drainage system options: surface drains and french drains. Surface drainage systems consist of a few ground-level areas drains that are connected to PVC piping. When it rains, water flows down the drains, into the piping, and is transferred away from the house.

What are the 3 types of drainage?

The types of drainage systems will allow you a better comprehension of their roles and how they work together.Surface Drainage System. Surface drainage systems remove excess water from the land’s surface through channels or ditches. … Subsurface Drainage System. … Slope Drainage System. … Downspouts and Gutter Systems.

What is drainage and its importance?

Drainage ensures that the soil is properly aerated. If you have excess or standing water it can choke your crops. Drainage reduces soil and nutrient loss from runoff and can help avoid soil erosion. Drainage on hill slopes helps to reduce the risk of soil slippage.

What is drainage short answer?

Answer: Drainage: The term ‘drainage means the river system of an area. It is a system of flowing water from the higher level to the lower level.

What is drainage process?

The process of forcing a nonwetting phase into a porous rock. Oil migrates into most reservoirs as the non-wetting phase, so initial charging of the reservoir is a drainage process. See: imbibition, migration, oil-wet, water-wet, wettability.

Why drainage is important in agriculture?

Drainage avoids crop damage from intense rain and flooding by removing excess water. It also controls soil moisture content, allowing crops to grow properly, which increases productivity and, consequently, food security.

What is an example of drainage?

For example, the total area drained by the Mississippi River constitutes its drainage basin, whereas that part of the Mississippi River drained by the Ohio River is the Ohio’s drainage basin.

What is drainage and irrigation?

Definition. Irrigation and drainage – artificial application of water to land and artificial removal of excess water from land (Encyclopedia Britannica).

What are the types of drainage in agriculture?

The two general types of drainage practices are surface and subsurface. Surface drainage is the removal of excess water from the soil surface. Subsurface drainage is the removal of water from the soil profile.

Why is manmade drainage necessary?

Manmade drainage also may be necessary if the farmer’s soil or water supply contains elements harmful to the crop. Additional water is then added to leach these elements from the root zone.

What happens if a field is not drained?

If a field is not adequately drained, the ground then becomes waterlogged, as it does on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. At the same time, salts from the irrigated soil can accumulate in the shallow groundwater. To remedy this, underground drainage pipes allow farmers to flush excess salts from the soil.

What is the amount of water needed for leaching?

The amount of water required for adequate leaching varies widely with the salinity of the soil and irrigation water, the salt tolerance of the crop, the uniformity of the field slope and other factors.

Which part of California has the most productive farming?

Two of the state’s most productive farming areas in particular, the west side of the San Joaquin Valley and parts of the Imperial Valley in Southern California, have poorly drained and naturally saline soils.

What is the purpose of fresh water in fish and wildlife habitat?

Protection, restoration and water supplies for fish and wildlife habitat: providing fresh water to substitute for drainage-contaminated supplies, protecting and restoring contaminated fisheries and wildlife habitat.

What is evaporation system?

Evaporation systems: disposing of residual drainage water in evaporation ponds.

What is source control?

Source control: on-farm improvements in irrigation to reduce the amount of applied water, therefore reducing drainage water.

What is drainage in agriculture?

Drainage, in agriculture, the artificial removal of water from land; drainage is employed in the reclamation of wetlands, in the prevention of erosion, and as a concomitant of irrigation in the agriculture of arid regions. A brief treatment of drainage follows. For full treatment, see irrigation and drainage. Read More on This Topic.

What is irrigation and drainage?

irrigation and drainage, artificial application of water to land and artificial removal of excess water from land, respectively. Some land requires irrigation or drainagebefore it is possible to use it for any agricultural production; other land profits from either practice to increase production. Some land, of course, does not…

What is the other important side of water management?

Drainage is the other important side of water management. All plants need water but the amount needed varies, and if plants are forced to absorb more than they need, a form of drowning occurs. The symptoms are most easily seen in overwatered pot plants…

What are the factors that determine the best drainage system for a property?

Factors determining the most efficient drainage system design for a particular property include soil type, land configuration, amount and pattern of rainfall, and types of crops to be grown. Soils of high sand or silt content are generally suited to subsurface drainage, while soils of high claycontent generally require surface systems.

What is subsurface drainage?

Subsurface drainage systems consist of small conduits, a submain, a main, and an outlet. The conduits, equivalent to the field drains in a surface system, collect the water in the soil and drain it into the larger arteries.

What is a surface drainage system?

As the term implies, a surface system is designed to remove water that collects on top of the soil.

Why smooth land?

Land may be smoothed with proper slopes and ditches so as to remove excess water before it enters the soil and thus prevent erosion, leaching of nutrients, and standing pools of water on the surface, and to permit early spring planting.

What is definition of drainage?

Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface’s water and sub-surface water from an area with excess of water.

What is drainage and types of drainage?

Drainage can be either natural or artificial. Many areas have some natural drainage; this means that excess water flows from the farmers’ fields to swamps or to lakes and rivers. There are two types of artificial drainage: surface drainage and subsurface drainage.

What is drainage according to agriculture?

Drainage, in agriculture, the artificial removal of water from land; drainage is employed in the reclamation of wetlands, in the prevention of erosion, and as a concomitant of irrigation in the agriculture of arid regions. Drainage.

What is the purpose of agricultural drainage?

Agricultural drainage serves two purposes. The first is for the removal of excess surface and subsurface water. The second is to remove excess soluble salts with the (excess) water from the drained soil profile. There are two options for drainage systems.

What does drainage mean in medical terms?

Medical Definition of drainage 1: the act or process of drawing off fluids from a cavity or wound by means of suction or gravity. 2: a process of releasing internal conflicts or pent-up feelings (as hostility or guilt)

What are the 3 types of drainage?

Surface Drainage System. Surface drainage systems remove excess water from the land’s surface through channels or ditches.

What are the three types of drainage system?

Dendritic drainage pattern. Dendritic drainage systems (from Greek δενδρίτης, dendrites, “of or like a tree”) are not straight and are the most common form of the drainage system.

What are the components of a drainage system?

The three main components of drainage systems are as followed: 1 A field drainage system#N#This system is used to control the water table and prevent ponding. This component is the most important part of the drainage system. It is comprised of a network which gathers excess water from the land. This is accomplished with the assistance of field drains. Supplemental measures to direct water to the drains may be taken. 2 A main drainage system#N#This part of the drainage system brings the water away from the farm to the outlet point. The water comes from the field drainage system, surface runoff and groundwater flower using a main drain known as a canalized stream. This means that there was an existing stream that was altered to improve the flow. 3 An outlet#N#This is where the drainage water is led out of the area and discharged into another body of water (lake, river, sea). An outlet will either be gravity powered or require a pumping station. If it is gravity powered, the water levels rise and fall. An outlet will require a pumping station if the water levels in a drainage system are lower than the levels of the receiving body of water.

Why do you need a pumping station for an agricultural drainage system?

An outlet will require a pumping station if the water levels in a drainage system are lower than the levels of the receiving body of water. There are several benefits of agricultural drainage.

What is the science of hydrology?

Hydrology is a branch of the scientific and engineering discipline that deals with the occurrence, distribution, movement and properties of water above and below the land surfaces of the earth. It deals with the relations and interactions of water with the environment, including biota. Hydrological studies allow for the planning,…

What is the definition of irrigation?

Irrigation is defined as the artificial application of water to the soil through various systems of tubes, pumps, and sprayers. Approximately 20% of the world’s agricultural land is irrigated, yet 40% of the world food supply comes from irrigated lands with 70% of the world’s freshwater reserves being used for…

What does it mean when the soil is salinized?

Soil salinity levels indicate the amount of salt present in the soil. If there is too much salt, plant growth will be retarded. To remove the excess salts from the soil, leaching is encouraged. Leaching is the process of nutrients or salts being removed from the soil with water. Leaching can occur naturally or as a result …

Why is drainage important for microfauna?

Crops can be grown earlier due to increases in soil temperature. Drainage also makes it possible to inhibit soil salinity. Soil salinity levels indicate the amount of salt present in the soil.

Why is aeration important?

This is due to the fact that: The crops can root more deeply. The choice of types of crops that can be planted is expanded. There will be fewer weeds. Efficiency in fertilizer use will be improved.

How does subsurface drainage work?

High levels of seasonal rainfall go beyond supplying a crop’s needs and saturate the soil to the point of flooding. Crops quickly die off when water stands for more than a day or two because the roots can’t absorb oxygen from the gaps between the soil. Buried perforated pipes, commonly known as drain tiles, soak up as much subsurface water as possible and redirect it to lined ditches and canals to carry it away from fields and roads where it’s not needed.

Why do farmers use pits for runoff?

Many farmers test their field runoff to see how much of their fertilizer is being absorbed and how much is wasted. Runoff water can also reveal salinity problems in the soil and the presence of contaminants from nearby manufacturing facilities or livestock operations. Since drainage systems tend to mix and accumulate water from a wide range of fields, you may want to add sampling pits higher up in the system to ensure you can pinpoint which areas are contributing to a problem.

Why do farmers let fields stay fallow?

In ancient times, farmers let fields stay fallow hoping rain would flush out salt. Today, salt and other contaminants continue to cause agricultural drainage problems, particularly in California. Whether a field is adequately drained, or saturated with water, the water still has to be removed.

What is an evaporation pond?

In addition, evaporation ponds are also used for agricultural drainage. These ponds resemble wetland areas that birds use for nesting and feeding grounds and may pose several other risks to waterfowl and shorebirds.

Why is drainage important in irrigated land?

Good drainage is essential for the success of irrigated agriculture: It ensures that the crop’s root system has a good mixture of water and air and that the salt balance in the soil is favorable for plant growth.

What is surface drainage?

Surface drainage also can be used as an outlet for collection and disposal of water from subsurface drainage systems. Surface drainage can be achieved by building ditches, improving natural channels, or shaping the land. Open ditches have a low initial cost and are easy to inspect.

What is drainage coefficient?

The drainage coefficient is the rate of water removal needed to obtain the desired protection of the crop from excess water. It is based on local field experience and is generally expressed in flow rate per unit of area.

What does field topography indicate?

The field topography can indicate seep areas or low areas in the soil. Drainage design considerations . A drainage system should be designed to remove excess gravitational water and lower the water table far enough from the ground surface so it does not interfere with plant growth. The system designer must determine: .

Why should a drainage system be designed to remove excess gravitational water and lower the water table far enough from the

A drainage system should be designed to remove excess gravitational water and lower the water table far enough from the ground surface so it does not interfere with plant growth.

Why do we need observation wells for drainage?

An observation well can help the designer study the fluctuation of water tables and monitor salinity in the water during the growing season .

Why do wells need drainage?

Well drainage systems pump water from deep wells to lower and maintain the water table at a level suitable for proper crop growth. The pumped water can sometimes be used for irrigation if it is of good quality and has low salinity.

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