what is intensive subsistence agriculture

What Are The Main Features Of Intensive Subsistence Farming?

• Small Holdings. One of the main characteristics of intensive subsistence farming is very smallholdings. …
• Very Intensive Farming. Although the farmland is limited, there are some peasants in Monsoon Asia that are so ‘land-hungry’ that they utilize every bit of tillable land for agriculture.
• Requires Much Hand Labour. …
• Use Of Animal And Plant Manures. …

Full
Answer

What are the 3 major types of subsistence agriculture?

 · Intensive subsistence agriculture is a method of agriculture where farmers get more food per acre compared to other subsistence farming methods. This allows farmers to make the most of each harvest. In traditional subsistence farming, farmers use their land to produce enough food to feed their families. With intensive subsistence farming, however, …

What are the characteristics of intensive subsistence farming?

Intensive subsistence farming is the type of farming where the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labor. These farmers use their land to produce enough food for their local consumption and the exchange of goods as well. One can use intensive subsistence farming in a lot of different ways.

What is the best definition of subsistence agriculture?

Intensive subsistence farming are high doses of biochemical inputs with the high extensive irrigation used to the high extensive manner. The intensive subsistence farming is mainly used for obtaining the higher production to the extent. This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.

What problems does subsistence agriculture face?

 · Intensive subsistence agriculture is defined as a system of subsistence agriculture in those regions of the world where high population density, rapid population growth, easy access to labor, and limited agricultural land. In a word, intensive subsistence agriculture or farming is the labor-intensive agricultural system developed for livelihood and subsistence.

What is meant by intensive subsistence agriculture?

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Definition: a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

Where is intensive subsistence agriculture?

Intensive subsistence agriculture is best developed and practically confined to the monsoon lands of Asia. It is carried on mainly in China, Japan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia and the islands of Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia.

What is extensive and intensive subsistence agriculture?

Intensive farming focuses on investing a lot of resources and labor into small tracts of land in order to increase yield. Extensive agriculture, on the other hand, employs larger tracts of land and lower quantities of labor and resources.

What is intensive subsistence agriculture class 8?

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture: In this farming, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Rice is the main crop. Other crops include wheat, maize, pulses and oil seeds. This type of cultivation produce little to be left over and mainly farmers fullfil only personal needs.

What is intensive commercial agriculture?

Intensive Commercial. Agriculture. • Characterized by high yields per unit of cultivated land. • Large amount of input – justified by fruits, vegetable and. dairy products.

What is extensive agriculture?

extensive agriculture, in agricultural economics, system of crop cultivation using small amounts of labour and capital in relation to area of land being farmed. The crop yield in extensive agriculture depends primarily on the natural fertility of the soil, the terrain, the climate, and the availability of water.

What is the difference between intensive and extensive?

Summary. An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Mass and volume are examples of extensive properties. An intensive property is a property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount.

What is intensive farming BYJU’s?

In intensive subsistence agriculture, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour.

What is intensive subsistence farming?

Intensive subsistence farming is the type of farming where the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labor. These farmers use their land to produce enough food for their local consumption and the exchange of goods as well. One can use intensive subsistence farming in a lot of different ways.

What is intensive farming?

As I mentioned earlier, intensive farming is the kind of farming in which farmers grow their crops, fruits, and vegetables on a small piece of land using simple tools. These farmers usually grow food for personal use, or they sell it to local groceries.

What do farmers use to ensure high yields?

That is why farmers often use every available type of manure such as farm wastes, rotten vegetables, clippings, fish wastes, animal dung, and human excreta as well. They use animal dung, especially from the pigsties and poultry yards.

What are the basic tools used in farming?

Simple tools might also be of use but are not a must. The basic tools that are used often are plows, a kind of spade, and hoes. There are more and more innovative machinery and technology that is being used on some farms, but it is not that common for intensive subsistence farms to own that kind of machinery.

What do farmers do with their animals?

Some farmers that have animals on their farms do plowing with the aid of buffaloes or horses. They rake fields by hand and plant their crops in precise rows by the family that runs the farm. Harvesting is usually done with sickles and threshing by hand. Simple tools might also be of use but are not a must.

Why do farmers try to make as much as possible with their crops?

Due to the very limited space of usable land for agriculture, farmers try to make as much as possible with their crops. The farming is so intensive that they sometimes practice double- or treble-cropping. This means to grow several crops on the same land during the course of a year.

What is intensive farming in Monsoon Asia?

Although the farmland is limited, there are some peasants in Monsoon Asia that are so ‘land-hungry’ that they utilize every bit of tillable land for agriculture. Those fields are separated only by narrow and handmade ridges and footpaths that allow farmers to move around their farms.

What is intensive subsistence agriculture?

Intensive subsistence agriculture is defined as a system of subsistence agriculture in those regions of the world where high population density, rapid population growth, easy access to labor, and limited agricultural land.

Where is intensive subsistence farming practiced?

Intensive subsistence agriculture is practiced in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Vietnam, Egypt, Sudan, etc. (3).

What type of farming is mainly developed in rural environments where farming is done by old and ancient methods?

This type of farming method is mainly developed in rural environments where farming is done by old and ancient methods. So both uneducated and experienced can do intensive subsistence agriculture.

Why are some agricultural products exported abroad?

Although some agricultural products are exported abroad for the economic purposes of the country , the demand and price of those products in the domestic market are mostly higher.

Why is the price of agricultural products higher?

Here the overall production cost of agricultural products is higher. Prices of agricultural products vary due to overproduction or low yield. In particular, farmers are economically disadvantaged due to overproduction. They do not get the proper price for the crop.

What are the instruments used in agriculture?

are not used in this farming method. In this case simple and old type’s instruments such as sickle, spade, plow, ladder, etc. are used. This farming is dominated by animals and muscle power. As a result of the slow spread of agricultural technology, there is a tendency towards modernization in the agricultural system. The overall profit in this agriculture is small.

Is capital investment in agriculture less than required?

In this case, the need for modern machinery, advanced technology, skilled agricultural workers, etc. is less, so the investment in this agricultural system is less.

What is intensive subsistence farming?

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Definition. When someone participates in intensive subsistence farming, nearly all of the crops and livestock getting produced get used for sustaining their family. It is rare for the farmers to produce enough crops or livestock to sell for cash or store for later use. Because of the lack of financial resources …

Why is farming so intensive?

Farming is Intensive. Because of the lack of automated farming machinery, farmer s have to provide a lot more manual labor to tend to their fields. Animal power gets relied on much more when available to the farmer compared to primitive subsistence agriculture.

Why do we need multiple crop types?

Using multiple crop types helps to keep the soil fertility at a higher level compared to fields utilizing monocultures.

How much of the world’s land is used for farming?

It is believed that only 10 percent of the world’s land area is getting used to producing this type of farming. While it only makes up 10 percent of land usage, it supports over half of the world population’s food source.

What are the benefits of improved crop varieties, fertilizer and pesticides?

Improved crop varieties, fertilizer and pesticides, and better farm equipment all have a high potential to enhance the productivity and profitability of subsistence farmers.

Which type of farming uses more fertilizers?

Intensive subsistence farming will use more fertilizers compared to primitive subsistence agriculture.

What is paddy farming?

Paddy farming is very labor-intensive. The second grouping of crops used in subsistence farming gets dominated by crops like wheat, pulses, maize, millets, sorghum, legumes, tubers, and vegetables. Farmers will usually mix multiple crop types in the field, helping to reduce the chance of total crop failure.

What is intensive subsistence farming?

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture. Subsistence agriculture is the type of farming in which crops grown are consumed by the grower and his family. Subsistence agriculture may be of different types. It may be shifting or settled agriculture, it may be primitive or non-primitive in character, it may be both inten­sive and extensive in nature.

What are the two types of intensive subsistence agriculture?

There are two types of the intensive subsistence agriculture. One is dominated by wet paddy and the other is dominated by crops other than paddy, e.g., wheat, pulses, maize, millets, sorghum, kaoling, soya-beans, tu­bers and vegetables. ADVERTISEMENTS:

What is the main source of manure in paddy farming?

In paddy intensive subsistence farming the farmers make use of every available type of manure, including farm waste, rotten vege­tables, fish waste, cow dung and human excreta to ensure higher agri­cultural returns and also to maintain the high fertility of the land.

What is the traditional way of paddy farming?

In wet paddy agriculture, traditionally much manual and hand la­bour is required. Ploughing is done with the help of buffaloes, oxen, mules and horses. Paddy crop is planted in narrow rows by females, while hoeing and harvesting operations are done by both males and females. Harvesting and thrashing are done manually.

What crops can be raised in dry paddy fields?

In tracts where only one crop of rice can be raised the fields are normally used in the dry season to raise other food or cash crops such as oats, pulses, tobacco, oilseeds and vegetables . ADVERTISEMENTS: In wet paddy agriculture, traditionally much manual and hand la­bour is required.

Where is intensive subsistence agriculture most prevalent?

It is carried on mainly in China, Japan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia and the is­lands of Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia.

How many times a year is a crop sown?

But in those parts where density of population is relatively high, at least two crops in a year is .the usual practice and the same piece of land is sown season after season and generation after generation. Intensive subsistence agriculture is best developed and practi­cally confined to the monsoon lands of Asia.

What Is Intensive Agriculture?

Intensive agriculture is a method of farming that uses large amounts of labor and investment to increase the yield of the land. In an industrialized society this typically means the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals that boost yield, and the acquisition and use of machinery to aid planting, chemical application, and picking.

What Are the Characteristics of Intensive Agriculture?

Pasture intensification is the increase in value and production that occurs due to inputs such as money, labor, and pesticides, specifically in the pastures on which farmed animals graze.

Intensive Agriculture Examples

Most of the farmed animals in the United States live a significant portion of their lives on industrial factory farms that use a variety of intensive methods to produce more meat, dairy, or eggs for less money. One such method is keeping the animals enclosed in small spaces and delivering their food to them.

Intensive Versus Extensive Agriculture

Intensive farming focuses on investing a lot of resources and labor into small tracts of land in order to increase yield. Extensive agriculture, on the other hand, employs larger tracts of land and lower quantities of labor and resources.

Why Is Intensive Agriculture Bad?

Billions of animals in the United States suffer on factory farms that employ intensive methods to increase profitability. Often they are confined in such small spaces that they can barely move. Standard procedures include debeaking, castration, tail docking, and dehorning.

Conclusion

The intensification of farming has played an important role in the history of agriculture. It allowed for farmers to feed growing communities around the world. However, intensive agriculture as we know it today is no longer sustainable or necessary.

What is subsistence agriculture?

Subsistence agriculture is a form of agriculture in which nearly all the crops or livestock are raised to sustain the farm family (Clifton 1970). Although good weather oc- casionally allows the farmers to produce surplus, rarely do the farmers have enough surplus to sell for cash or store for later use.

What is subsistence farming?

Subsistence farming is a form of production in which nearly all crops or livestock are raised to sustain the farm family, and rarely pro- ducing surpluses to sell for cash or store for later use. There are two major types of subsistence agriculture: primitive and intensive.

What is the impact of crop production on soil fertility?

Intensive crop production in nutrient depleted soils has been convincingly associated with increased severity of particu- larly soil-borne pests and diseases. For instance, evidence has been provided that damage by the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is indirectly related to soil fertility (Oketch and Gold 1996). According to Byabagambi et al. (1999), damage caused by bean fly (Ophomyia sp.) was more serious in poor soils and especially under reduced rainfall conditions. Although the pest population increased with increase in nitrogen fertilizer application, its effect on yield was not significant and bean yield was higher in fertilized than in the unfertilized crop (Byabagambi et al. 1999). Crops grown in poor soils can hardly tolerate even the slightest damage by pests and diseases. Subsistence agriculture relies largely on informal sour- ces of seed with limited usage of certified seed (Devries and Toenniessen 2001). Farmers usually recycle seed from the previous season’s crop or acquire it from neighbours, rela- tives or local food stores. This social seed network can be described as a classic example of how seed-borne pests and diseases can be disseminated across an entire village. Con- sidering that some of the crop varieties are hybrids, loss of vigour usually means loss of tolerance to damage by harm- ful organisms. Use of infected planting materials reduces the chances of disease escape and enhances build-up of par- ticularly soil-borne diseases. For instance, initial establish- ment of banana orchards in the subsistence sector is based on planting materials from neighbours while subsequent planting is mainly from the farmer’s own orchard. With very few exceptions and depending on the area, banana suckers from old orchards are usually infested with plant parasitic nematodes, the banana weevil and other pests and pathogens which are effectively disseminated into the orchard where they initiate early infection of the crop resulting to high yield losses (Devries and Toenniessen 2001).

How are nutrients removed from the soil?

Plant nutrients are removed from the soil in the form of harvested crops, through soil erosion, removal of crop residues for use as fuel or livestock feed, and leaching . Soil fertility decline has been rated as the major cause of diminishing productivity in subsistence agri- culture (Bationo et al. 1998; Nandwa 2003).

How does cropping affect soil fertility?

Continuous cropping without application of organic or inor- ganic fertilizers has resulted in nutrient depletion from soils. The decline in soil fertility is attributed mainly to insuffici- ent nutrient input compared to export through a number of pathways (FAO 2005c). Plant nutrients are removed from the soil in the form of harvested crops, through soil erosion, removal of crop residues for use as fuel or livestock feed, and leaching. Soil fertility decline has been rated as the major cause of diminishing productivity in subsistence agri- culture (Bationo et al. 1998; Nandwa 2003). In addition, in- appropriate methods are employed in collection, storage and application of the organic manures thus reducing their quality (Palm et al. 1997). Poor tillage practices that are characterized by excessive disturbance of the soil interferes with the biological processes that sustain soil fertility and hence the soil’s ability to support plant growth. Inappropri- ate tillage practices lead to formation of hardpans and dis- rupt the soil structure thus reducing the water holding capa- city of the soil (Craswell and Lefroy 2001). Land degradation is a common feature in subsistence agriculture. It results mainly from practices that are adopted in preparation and management of the soil. Loss of soil organic matter is thought to be one of the main causes of land degradation (Moreira et al. 2006). Organic matter serves as a reserve for nutrients, improves water holding ca- pacity, increases soil aggregation, increases the cation-ex- change capacity (CEC), and sustains microbial activity, among other functions in the soil (Craswell and Lefroy 2001). It is estimated that land cultivation induces loss of soil organic carbon at the rate of up to 50% in temperate regions, over a period of about 50 years, compared to over 60% in the tropical regions over a period of only 5 years (Mann 1985; Resck 1998). The impact of organic matter loss is felt through a series of complex and interrelated pro- cesses resulting from reduced nutrient availability, water holding capacity and microbial activity and, increased lea- ching, runoff, and soil acidity. The ultimate result of organic matter depletion is reduced efficiency of the soil as the main basis of crop production in subsistence agriculture.

How does clearing forests affect the ecosystem?

Loss of natural vegetation is known to trigger a series of changes most of which have major negative impacts on sustaina- bility of the entire ecosystem (Feoli et al. 2002). Clearing of forests is usually marked by an initial slash and burn phase which gives way to intensive or semi-intensive culti- vation depending on the demographic pressure in a given area. Apart from loss of biodiversity that is hosted in the stable forest ecosystems, nutrients are mobilized through volatilization, as a consequence of burning, or depleted through soil erosion and leaching. The situation is wor- sened by the poor soil and crop management practices that characterize subsistence farming that follows forest clear- ance (Altieri 1999; Wall 2004). As the diversity of plants diminishes, the loss of biodi- versity in the soil ecosystem, which is largely invisible to the naked eye, is triggered. Ecosystem functions such as breakdown of organic residues, nutrient cycling, plant pest and disease regulation, purification of water and detoxifica- tion of polluted sites are disrupted (Wall 2004). Studies have clearly demonstrated that agricultural practices, in general and intensive cultivation in particular, reduce biodiversity in soil ecosystems (Altieri 1999; Emmerling et al. 2001). Although reliable estimates are yet to be worked out, it is widely accepted that the opportunity cost of clearing indi- genous forests are enormous. The situation is further aggra- vated by the recognition that repair of what has been des- troyed may take more than a lifetime, sometimes millions of years. Encouragingly, however, increasing concerns about the environment has stimulated some positive responses to- wards reforestation. Unfortunately, introduction of exotic plant species which are generally established in single spe- cies plantations has little value in restoring habitat, species and genetic diversity (Altieri 1999; Wall 2004).

What is mixed crop?

2. A high degree of diversification (Fig. 1); mixed crop- livestock systems and a large number of different types of annual and perennial crops are planted together (Smithson and Lenne 1996).

What is intensive farming?

A type of agricultural production system that uses high inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, labour and capital in relation to the size of the land area being farmed.

What is meant by intensive subsistence farming?

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Definition: a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

What is subsistence farming class 8?

Subsistence Farming: Subsistence farming is practices to meet the needs of the farmer’s family and needs less technology and labour. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture: In this farming, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Rice is the main crop.

Is intensive farming good or bad?

Intensive, high-yielding agriculture may be the best way to meet growing demand for food while conserving biodiversity, say researchers. Intensive farming is said to create high levels of pollution and damage the environment more than organic farming.

Where is intensive farming used?

Many large-scale farm operators, especially in such relatively vast and agriculturally advanced nations as Canada and the United States, practice intensive agriculture in areas where land values are relatively low, and at great distances from markets, and farm enormous tracts of land with high yields.

What are examples of intensive subsistence farming?

There are two types of the intensive subsistence agriculture. One is dominated by wet paddy and the other is dominated by crops other than paddy, e.g., wheat, pulses, maize, millets, sorghum, kaoling, soya-beans, tubers and vegetables.

What are the main features of intensive subsistence farming?

The main characteristics of the intensive subsistence agriculture are as follows: