what is seedling in agriculture

A seedling is a young plant sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling consists of three main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyl (embryonic shoot), and the cotyledons (seed leaves).

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What are the different parts of a seedling?

 · A seedling is a very young plant that grows from a seed. When the moisture, light, and temperature conditions are correct, the seedling’s development begins with seed germination and the formation of three main parts: Cotyledons – Seed leaves.

What part in the seed that grows into a seedling?

 · A seedling is a very young plant that grows from a seed. When the moisture, light, and temperature conditions are correct, the seedling’s development begins with seed germination and the formation of three main parts: Radicle – Embryonic root. Hypocotyl – Embryonic shoot. Cotyledons – Seed leaves.

What are the best conditions for seedlings?

In arboriculture …plants may be propagated by seeding, grafting, layering, or cutting. In seeding, seeds are usually planted in either a commercial or home nursery in which intensive care can be given for several years until the plants are of a size suitable for transplanting on the desired site. In soil layering,… Read More disease impact

How to identify seedlings?

 · Quality-produced seedlings can provide an opportunity for the small farmers to augment their income, as well as help boost agricultural productivity in the countryside. The use of quality seedlings has a number of advantages compared to direct seeding.

What is the meaning of seedling in agriculture?

A seedling is a young sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling consists of three main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyl (embryonic shoot), and the cotyledons (seed leaves).

What is seed and seedling?

Seeds are planted in the ground to grow new plants. Seedlings are actually young plants, already sprouted from the seed. Seeds are more suitable for planting inside. Seedlings can be easily planted either inside or outside. Seeds grow slower.

What is an example of seedling?

Seedling definition A plant grown from a seed, rather than from a cutting, etc. A young plant, especially one that grows from a seed, rather than from a cutting, for example. Any young plant; esp., a small, young tree.

What is the process of seedling?

The process of seed germination includes the following five changes or steps: imbibition, respiration, effect of light on seed germination, mobilization of reserves during seed germination, and role of growth regulators and development of the embryo axis into a seedling.

What is the difference between a seedling and a plant?

As nouns the difference between plant and seedling is that plant is an organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree while seedling is (botany) a young plant grown from seed.

What is difference between seedling and germination?

Seed germination is the growth of a seed into a new plant while seedling emergence is the growth of the plumule towards the soil surface and coming out from the soil, making a shoot.

How do seedlings grow?

As it takes up more water, the seed expands and the seed coat cracks open. The embryo inside the seed is made up of a small shoot and a small root. The root is the first to emerge from the seed. As it grows, it anchors the plant to the ground, and begins absorbing water through the root.

Which part of the seedling grows first?

the radicleIn botany, the radicle is the first part of a seedling (a growing plant embryo) to emerge from the seed during the process of germination. The radicle is the embryonic root of the plant, and grows downward in the soil (the shoot emerges from the plumule).

What are the first leaves of a seedling called?

Cotyledons are the first leaves produced by plants. Cotyledons are not considered true leaves and are sometimes referred to as “seed leaves,” because they are actually part of the seed or embryo of the plant.

What is seedling in animal science?

For the animal structure, see Down feather. A seedling is a young sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling consists of three main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyl (embryonic shoot), and the cotyledons (seed leaves).

What is the process of seedling development?

In a natural situation, seedling development starts with skotomorphogenesis while the seedling is growing through the soil and attempting to reach the light as fast as possible. During this phase, the cotyledons are tightly closed and form the apical hook to protect the shoot apical meristem from damage while pushing through the soil. In many plants, the seed coat still covers the cotyledons for extra protection.

When are seedlings transplanted?

Seedlings are generally transplanted when the first pair of true leaves appear. A shade may be provided if the area is arid or hot. A commercially available vitamin hormone concentrate may be used to avoid transplant shock which may contain thiamine hydrochloride, 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and indole butyric acid.

What are the most damaging pests to seedlings?

Pests and diseases which are especially damaging to seedlings include damping off, cutworms, slugs and snails.

What is the difference between dicot seedlings grown in the dark and light?

Dicot seedlings grown in the light develop short hypocotyls and open cotyledons exposing the epicotyl. This is also referred to as photomorphogenesis. In contrast, seedlings grown in the dark develop long hypocotyls and their cotyledons remain closed around the epicotyl in an apical hook.

Why are seedlings dying in the first year?

First-year seedlings typically have high mortality rates, drought being the principal cause, with roots having been unable to develop enough to maintain contact with soil sufficiently moist to prevent the development of lethal seedling water stress. Somewhat paradoxically, however, Eis (1967a) observed that on both mineral and litter seedbeds, seedling mortality was greater in moist habitats (alluvium and Aralia–Dryopteris) than in dry habitats ( Cornus –Moss). He commented that in dry habitats after the first growing season surviving seedlings appeared to have a much better chance of continued survival than those in moist or wet habitats, in which frost heave and competition from lesser vegetation became major factors in later years. The annual mortality documented by Eis (1967a) is instructive.

What happens when a seedling starts to photosynthesize?

Once the seedling starts to photosynthesize, it is no longer dependent on the seed’s energy reserves. The apical meristems start growing and give rise to the root and shoot. The first “true” leaves expand and can often be distinguished from the round cotyledons through their species-dependent distinct shapes.

How are plants propagated?

arboriculture. In arboriculture. …plants may be propagated by seeding, grafting, layering, or cutting. In seeding, seeds are usually planted in either a commercial or home nursery in which intensive care can be given for several years until the plants are of a size suitable for transplanting on the desired site. In soil layering,….

What is fruit farming?

fruit farming. In fruit farming: Planting and spacing systems. Growth, flowering habits, and light requirements on the one hand, and management problems on the other, determine the most satisfactory planting plan for a fruit- and nut-growing enterprise.

Why are quality seedlings important?

Quality-produced seedlings can provide an opportunity for the small farmers to augment their income, as well as help boost agricultural productivity in the countryside.

Is seedling production a business?

Seedling production has started to become a business venture of enterprising farmers. Some farmers have already devised their method to protect the seedlings during the rainy season by improvising a simple greenhouse. ADVERTISEMENT. It can be noted that innovative farmers and agriculture entrepreneurs are now shifting to the production …

Is seedlings a commercial activity?

Seeing these potentials, several farmers are now involved in the production of quality seedlings as a commercial activity. But the success of producing quality seedlings depends mainly on the kind …

What is the first thing to emerge from a seed?

The primary root, called the radicle, is the first thing to emerge from the seed. The primary root anchors the plant to the ground and allows it to start absorbing water. After the root absorbs water, the shoot emerges from the seed.

What are the factors that affect seed dormancy?

Factors affecting seed dormancy include the presence of certain plant hormones–notably, abscisic acid, which inhibits germination, and gibberellin, which ends seed dormancy. To break chemical dormancy, you might have to leach the seed or use cold/moist stratification or fire scarification.

What does a plant look like after it shoots?

Soon, the plant develops a branched root system or taproot. Then, true leaves that look like the leaves of the mature plant appear. These leaves, unlike cotyledons, photosynthesize light into energy, allowing the plant to grow and develop.

What is the lag phase of a plant?

Interim or lag phase. During this phase the seed activates its internal physiology, cells respire, and the seed starts to make proteins and metabolize its stores of food (MacKean n.d.). Radicle and root emergence. The cells start to elongate and divide, bringing the root and radicle out of the seed.

How to break seed dormancy?

Seeds might have a hard or thick seed coat (physical dormancy). This can be broken by soaking or scarifying (scratching the surface) the seed. Other seeds have internal chemical or metabolic conditions that prevent germination (chemical dormancy). Factors affecting seed dormancy include the presence of certain plant hormones–notably, abscisic acid, which inhibits germination, and gibberellin, which ends seed dormancy. To break chemical dormancy, you might have to leach the seed or use cold/moist stratification or fire scarification. For example, the membrane within the seed coat of some seeds forms a barrier that is permeable to water but not to oxygen. Cold temperatures (50-59°F) allow oxygen to get into the seed, while warm temperatures prevent oxygen uptake. Cool temperatures also allow the seed to digest some of its food reserve, giving it energy. For these seeds, putting them in the refrigerator for a specific period of time allows them to gain sufficient oxygen and energy to germinate (Colorado Seed Laboratory 2009).

What is the purpose of aeration in soil media?

Aeration in the soil media allows for good gas exchange between the germinating embryo and the soil. Seeds respire just like any other living organism. They need oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). This carbon dioxide needs to be able to move away from the seed.

How much moisture do seeds need to germinate?

All seeds need correct moisture to initiate internal processes leading up to germination. In field soil this is generally about 50-75 percent of field capacity. A fine-textured seedbed and good seed-to-soil contact are necessary for optimal germination.

Examples of seedling in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web Nazi Germany that year awarded each gold medalist with a seedling of its national tree, the oak. — Courtney Astolfi, cleveland, 10 Jan. 2022 County archaeologists probing the ruins discovered one handmade seedling pot years ago and, recently, possible garden walls. — Washington Post, 27 Dec. 2021

Kids Definition of seedling

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What is seed sowing?

What is sowing? Sowing is an art of placing seeds in the soil at particular depth for good germination of the seeds. Sowing plays a major role in Agriculture.

What is the drilling machine used for sowing seeds?

The equipment used for drilling is known as a driller. The driller may be either operated manually, mechanically or automated.

How are seeds dropped in a hill?

Hill dropping of seeds: The seeds are dropped in fixed furrows which are dug with fixed spacing. In this method, the space between row to row and plant to plant is constant. The seed is sown in a continuous stream of the spacing row to row and plant to plant.

What is broadcasting in seed sowing?

A broadcasting method of seed sowing: It is an easy method of seed sowing. In this method, the seeds are randomly thrown on the prepared land or seedbed with hand physically. However, it can also be done mechanically. Even though, manual broadcasting is beneficial for some crops which are also economical too.

What is the practice of manuring soil?

Before manuring the soil, we should compulsorily go for soil testing in order to ensure the availability of nutrients and minerals at appropriate quantity in the soil. Based on the information available in the soil test report we must go for manuring the soil with natural amendments.

What is leveling after ploughing?

It is step followed next to ploughing. Leveling is nothing but the even spread of the soil after ploughing. Leveling of the land varies with crops. Leveling includes making of ridges, furrows and other designs that suit for a specific crop. Leveling helps in easy distribution of irrigation water in the crops that help in even uptake of water by all the plants in the crop. The equipment used for leveling is known a leveler.

What is the first step in soil preparation before sowing?

Ploughing : This is the first step in soil preparation before sowing. Ploughing is the process of loosening and turning of the soil upside down in order to make sure the availability of nutrients uptake by the plants. Ploughing helps in easy penetration and germination of the seedlings after sowing.

Overview

Photomorphogenesis and etiolation

Seedling growth and maturation

Transplanting

Images

See also

Bibliography

External links