where is intensive subsistence agriculture practiced why there

What are the characteristics of intensive subsistence farming?

Intensive subsistence agriculture is best developed and practi­cally confined to the monsoon lands of Asia. It is carried on mainly in China, Japan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia and the is­lands of Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia.

What are the 3 major types of subsistence agriculture?

 · Intensive farming originated in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, Pakistan, North China, Mesoamerica, and Western South America with the creation of water management systems and the domestication of large animals that could pull plows.

What problems does subsistence agriculture face?

agriculture practiced why there FAQwhere intensive subsistence agriculture practiced why there adminSend emailDecember 11, 2021 minutes read You are watching where intensive …

What are some facts about subsistence farming?

Intensive subsistence agriculture gets primarily practiced in Africa, Latin America, Central, East Europe, and Southeast Asia. It is believed that only 10 percent of the world’s land area is …

Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practiced in world?

Intensive subsistence farming is best developed in the monsoon lands of Asia. This type of agriculture can be found in China, Japan, Korea, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is also found in a big part of continental South-East Asia, and some parts of insular South-East Asia as well.

Why is intensive subsistence agriculture practiced in Asia?

Because the agricultural density is so high in parts of East and South Asia, families must produce enough food for their survival from a very small area of land.

Where is subsistence farming practiced in India?

In India, the farmers of West Bengal, Kerala, the coastal Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu provide a good example of intensive subsistence wet paddy agriculture .

Why is subsistence agriculture Practised in India?

Answer: Explanation: Subsistence agriculture is still practiced in certain parts of the country due to following reasons: (i) Small farmers have smaller landholdings which are uneconomical. (ii) Poor farmers don’t have expensive fertilizers and high yielding varieties of seeds.

Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practiced quizlet?

Intensive subsistence agriculture is primarily practiced in countries of dense population, mostly in the regions of East Asia, South Asia, and SE Asia – all of which grow rice, an elaborate, time-consuming (intensive) crop requiring heavy labor, as their main crop.

What type of agriculture is practiced in Southeast Asia?

Although rice is still the region’s main crop, other commodities such as maize, coffee, cocoa as well as fruits and vegetables are also important. Some member states are also specialised in fresh and canned fish or in livestock. Besides, palm oil is one of the main agricultural products for both Indonesia and Malaysia.

In which state is intensive subsistence farming largely practiced *?

In India, the Intensive subsistence farming of rice or paddy is practiced in West Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the coastal Andhra Pradesh. While as the crops like wheat, maize, millets, pulses, soya-bean and oilseeds are intensively grown in states like Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh.

What is intensive subsistence farming class 10?

In intensive subsistence agriculture, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labor. Farmers use their small land holdings to produce enough, for their local consumption, while remaining produce is used for exchange against other goods.

What are main intensive farming practices?

Intensive farming practices include growing high-yield crops, using fertilizers and pesticides and bringing more land under agricultural production were used as the answer to filling the production gap, but there are unwelcome side effects.

Why is intensive subsistence farming still Practised in certain parts of India Class 10?

Subsistence agriculture is still practiced in certain parts of the country due to following reasons: i Small farmers have smaller landholdings which are uneconomical. ii Poor farmers don’t have expensive fertilizers and high yielding varieties of seeds.

What is intensive subsistence farming?

In intensive subsistence agriculture, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Subsistence agriculture is the type of farming in which crops grown are consumed by the grower and his family.

What type of agriculture is Practised in India?

The farming systems that significantly contribute to the agriculture of India are subsistence farming, organic farming, industrial farming. Regions throughout India differ in types of farming they use; some are based on horticulture, ley farming, agroforestry, and many more.

What is intensive subsistence farming?

Intensive subsistence farming is the type of farming where the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labor. These farmers use their land to produce enough food for their local consumption and the exchange of goods as well. One can use intensive subsistence farming in a lot of different ways.

How do farmers use subsistence farming?

One can use intensive subsistence farming in a lot of different ways. Farmers usually do it on small pieces of land to produce enough food for their family or local consumption. There are also some who sell the rest of their crops and products to the local groceries. Also, there are farmers who want to grow organic food for personal use.

What is intensive farming?

As I mentioned earlier, intensive farming is the kind of farming in which farmers grow their crops, fruits, and vegetables on a small piece of land using simple tools. These farmers usually grow food for personal use, or they sell it to local groceries.

Why do farmers use hand labor?

The intensive subsistence farmers don’t use much technology in their farming nor much machinery which is why much hand labor is entailed. These farmers usually use traditional techniques and simple tools to produce the best products possible.

Why do farmers try to make as much as possible with their crops?

Due to the very limited space of usable land for agriculture, farmers try to make as much as possible with their crops. The farming is so intensive that they sometimes practice double- or treble-cropping. This means to grow several crops on the same land during the course of a year.

Why is farming in wet lowland so intensive?

Farming in wet lowland has to be very intensive to support a dense population. Many of those regions of intensive subsistence farming have a highly developed form of society such as China and India that have a continuous history of civilization.

What do farmers do with their animals?

Some farmers that have animals on their farms do plowing with the aid of buffaloes or horses. They rake fields by hand and plant their crops in precise rows by the family that runs the farm. Harvesting is usually done with sickles and threshing by hand. Simple tools might also be of use but are not a must.

What Is Intensive Agriculture?

Intensive agriculture is a method of farming that uses large amounts of labor and investment to increase the yield of the land. In an industrialized society this typically means the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals that boost yield, and the acquisition and use of machinery to aid planting, chemical application, and picking.

What Are the Characteristics of Intensive Agriculture?

Pasture intensification is the increase in value and production that occurs due to inputs such as money, labor, and pesticides, specifically in the pastures on which farmed animals graze.

Intensive Agriculture Examples

Most of the farmed animals in the United States live a significant portion of their lives on industrial factory farms that use a variety of intensive methods to produce more meat, dairy, or eggs for less money. One such method is keeping the animals enclosed in small spaces and delivering their food to them.

Intensive Versus Extensive Agriculture

Intensive farming focuses on investing a lot of resources and labor into small tracts of land in order to increase yield. Extensive agriculture, on the other hand, employs larger tracts of land and lower quantities of labor and resources.

Why Is Intensive Agriculture Bad?

Billions of animals in the United States suffer on factory farms that employ intensive methods to increase profitability. Often they are confined in such small spaces that they can barely move. Standard procedures include debeaking, castration, tail docking, and dehorning.

Conclusion

The intensification of farming has played an important role in the history of agriculture. It allowed for farmers to feed growing communities around the world. However, intensive agriculture as we know it today is no longer sustainable or necessary.

What is intensive subsistence farming?

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Definition. When someone participates in intensive subsistence farming, nearly all of the crops and livestock getting produced get used for sustaining their family. It is rare for the farmers to produce enough crops or livestock to sell for cash or store for later use. Because of the lack of financial resources …

Why is farming so intensive?

Farming is Intensive. Because of the lack of automated farming machinery, farmer s have to provide a lot more manual labor to tend to their fields. Animal power gets relied on much more when available to the farmer compared to primitive subsistence agriculture.

What is paddy farming?

Paddy farming is very labor-intensive. The second grouping of crops used in subsistence farming gets dominated by crops like wheat, pulses, maize, millets, sorghum, legumes, tubers, and vegetables. Farmers will usually mix multiple crop types in the field, helping to reduce the chance of total crop failure.

Why do farmers use manure in intensive farming?

In intensive subsistence farming, some fertilizers, primarily manure, are included to try and help maximize crop production. The farmers will also usually use techniques like double and continuous cropping techniques. These techniques help to ensure that non of …

What are the benefits of improved crop varieties, fertilizer and pesticides?

Improved crop varieties, fertilizer and pesticides, and better farm equipment all have a high potential to enhance the productivity and profitability of subsistence farmers.

What are the causes of depletion of soil fertility?

4) Depletion of soil fertility The continuous cropping methods used and the lack of fertilizers result in depletion of the soil fertility over time. Poor tillage usage is also responsible for interfering with the biological process that typically sustains soil fertility reducing the soil’s ability to support plant growth.

How is paddy farming done?

For wet paddy farming, rice seeds get sown into small seedbeds. Once they reach the seedling stage, they get transplanted by hand to a paddy field. The plants need constant irrigation until the rice ripens. Paddy farming is very labor-intensive. The second grouping of crops used in subsistence farming gets dominated by crops like wheat, pulses, …

Why was intensive agriculture important?

Intensive agriculture was developed in order to produce greater amounts of food for large populations. It is the most recent form of subsistence strategy emerging about 10,000 years ago. With the emergence of intensive agriculture major changes occurred in other areas of culture. Deities in polytheistic cultures began to represent rain and important plants. Power began to become more centralized as the need arose to organize the growing, harvesting, and distribution of crops. With a changing power structure, social ranking became the norm. People became more dependent on one another as occupational specialization developed. Urbanization occurred as there was now a method to feed a large, non-food producing populace. In other words, a class-based society emerges.

How does intensive agriculture affect the landscape?

Both forms of intensive agriculture manipulate the landscape. This may entail actual modification of the landscape through clearing tracts of land, terracing hillsides or digging irrigation systems. Fertilizers are usually required because growing takes place on permanent fields. The type of fertilizers varies.

What type of fertilizer do non-industrial farmers use?

The type of fertilizers varies. Non-industrial agriculturalists may use natural fertilizers such as animal dung. Industrial agriculturalists use chemical fertilizers. Private ownership is the norm for intensive agriculture.

What are the two forms of intensive agriculture?

There are two basic forms of intensive agriculture: non-industrial and industrial. The former is dependent on human labor and draft animals, while the latter is reliant on machinery. However, there are characteristics that unite the two forms. Both forms of intensive agriculture manipulate the landscape.

Why did power become more centralized?

Power began to become more centralized as the need arose to organize the growing, harvesting, and distribution of crops. With a changing power structure, social ranking became the norm. People became more dependent on one another as occupational specialization developed.

What is subsistence agriculture?

Subsistence agriculture is a form of agriculture in which nearly all the crops or livestock are raised to sustain the farm family (Clifton 1970). Although good weather oc- casionally allows the farmers to produce surplus, rarely do the farmers have enough surplus to sell for cash or store for later use.

What is subsistence farming?

Subsistence farming is a form of production in which nearly all crops or livestock are raised to sustain the farm family, and rarely pro- ducing surpluses to sell for cash or store for later use. There are two major types of subsistence agriculture: primitive and intensive.

Why are low yields and high frequency of crop failure a challenge?

The challenge of low yields and high frequency of crop failure is aggravated by the ever growing demand for food due to increasing population. International Food Policy Re- search Institute (IFPRI), for example, projects that by 2020, food needs in developing countries will increase by 600 million tons which is equal to one- third of the current world food production (IFPRI 2001). The low yields and high crop failure is due to among other factors unreliable rainfall, pests and diseases, use of rudimentary farming technologies and lack of financial resource to engage skilled labour and extension services, to purchase modern farming implements, technologies and external inputs. Since subsistence agriculture is largely rainfed, unreliable rainfall, changing and unpredictable weather patterns oc- casioned by global warming greatly contributes to low yields and high crop failure in this type of farming system (Fig. 2). Much of Africa, for example, is subject to large rainfall variability of plus or minus 35%, implying poorly predictable droughts and floods (Carloni 2001). In addition, most developing countries have a lower water storage capa- city than other regions (IFAD 1992). For instance, Ethiopia stores only 43 cubic meters per capita, compared to 6,150 in North America (Carloni 2001; Dixon et al. 2001a). Continuous cropping with minimal or no application of external inputs to mitigate against loss of soil fertility and build – up of diseases and pests impacts heavily on crop yields and land productivity (Waceke et al. 2004; FAO 2005c; Arim et al. 2006). This is aggravated by monocrop- ping, a common practice especially in staple food subsis- tence production systems. The yield losses due to diseases can be as high as 100% depending on the crop, the patho- gen/pest involved and prevailing abiotic factors (Waceke et al. 2004; Arim et al. 2006). Lack of finances by subsistence farmers limits their ac- cess to agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and improved seeds that would serve to increase productivity of their farms and crop yields. It also limits access to exten- sion services especially in countries where such services are not subsidized by the government. In addition, the inability to hire skilled or additional labor and to purchase farm implements that could increase the productivity of their farms and increase land under cultivation is also attributed to lack of financial resource (Key et al. 2000; IFAD 2001). The declining financial support and investment in agri- culture by the various governments in developing countries which rely heavily on external aid makes the situation even worse for the subsistence farmer. Agricultural external aid from bilateral and multi-lateral financial institutions and donors has sharply dropped since 1990 and according to IFAD (2001), real net aid disbursement to developing coun- tries has fallen from 2.7% of the GDP in 1992 to 1.4 of their GDP by 1998.

How does cropping affect soil fertility?

Continuous cropping without application of organic or inor- ganic fertilizers has resulted in nutrient depletion from soils. The decline in soil fertility is attributed mainly to insuffici- ent nutrient input compared to export through a number of pathways (FAO 2005c). Plant nutrients are removed from the soil in the form of harvested crops, through soil erosion, removal of crop residues for use as fuel or livestock feed, and leaching. Soil fertility decline has been rated as the major cause of diminishing productivity in subsistence agri- culture (Bationo et al. 1998; Nandwa 2003). In addition, in- appropriate methods are employed in collection, storage and application of the organic manures thus reducing their quality (Palm et al. 1997). Poor tillage practices that are characterized by excessive disturbance of the soil interferes with the biological processes that sustain soil fertility and hence the soil’s ability to support plant growth. Inappropri- ate tillage practices lead to formation of hardpans and dis- rupt the soil structure thus reducing the water holding capa- city of the soil (Craswell and Lefroy 2001). Land degradation is a common feature in subsistence agriculture. It results mainly from practices that are adopted in preparation and management of the soil. Loss of soil organic matter is thought to be one of the main causes of land degradation (Moreira et al. 2006). Organic matter serves as a reserve for nutrients, improves water holding ca- pacity, increases soil aggregation, increases the cation-ex- change capacity (CEC), and sustains microbial activity, among other functions in the soil (Craswell and Lefroy 2001). It is estimated that land cultivation induces loss of soil organic carbon at the rate of up to 50% in temperate regions, over a period of about 50 years, compared to over 60% in the tropical regions over a period of only 5 years (Mann 1985; Resck 1998). The impact of organic matter loss is felt through a series of complex and interrelated pro- cesses resulting from reduced nutrient availability, water holding capacity and microbial activity and, increased lea- ching, runoff, and soil acidity. The ultimate result of organic matter depletion is reduced efficiency of the soil as the main basis of crop production in subsistence agriculture.

How does clearing forests affect the ecosystem?

Loss of natural vegetation is known to trigger a series of changes most of which have major negative impacts on sustaina- bility of the entire ecosystem (Feoli et al. 2002). Clearing of forests is usually marked by an initial slash and burn phase which gives way to intensive or semi-intensive culti- vation depending on the demographic pressure in a given area. Apart from loss of biodiversity that is hosted in the stable forest ecosystems, nutrients are mobilized through volatilization, as a consequence of burning, or depleted through soil erosion and leaching. The situation is wor- sened by the poor soil and crop management practices that characterize subsistence farming that follows forest clear- ance (Altieri 1999; Wall 2004). As the diversity of plants diminishes, the loss of biodi- versity in the soil ecosystem, which is largely invisible to the naked eye, is triggered. Ecosystem functions such as breakdown of organic residues, nutrient cycling, plant pest and disease regulation, purification of water and detoxifica- tion of polluted sites are disrupted (Wall 2004). Studies have clearly demonstrated that agricultural practices, in general and intensive cultivation in particular, reduce biodiversity in soil ecosystems (Altieri 1999; Emmerling et al. 2001). Although reliable estimates are yet to be worked out, it is widely accepted that the opportunity cost of clearing indi- genous forests are enormous. The situation is further aggra- vated by the recognition that repair of what has been des- troyed may take more than a lifetime, sometimes millions of years. Encouragingly, however, increasing concerns about the environment has stimulated some positive responses to- wards reforestation. Unfortunately, introduction of exotic plant species which are generally established in single spe- cies plantations has little value in restoring habitat, species and genetic diversity (Altieri 1999; Wall 2004).

How are nutrients removed from the soil?

Plant nutrients are removed from the soil in the form of harvested crops, through soil erosion, removal of crop residues for use as fuel or livestock feed, and leaching . Soil fertility decline has been rated as the major cause of diminishing productivity in subsistence agri- culture (Bationo et al. 1998; Nandwa 2003).

What are the two main forms of subsistence agriculture?

There are two major forms of subsistence agriculture, namely primitive and intensive subsistence agriculture.