which is not a form of subsistence agriculture

Explanation: Corn is the only subsistence crop of the presented options. Tobacco, cotton, and rice are all high intensive plantation crops. Tobacco, cotton, rubber, and papyrus are also not edible, therefore disqualifying them from being considered subsistence crops.

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What are the 3 major types of subsistence agriculture?

 · Tobacco, cotton, rubber, and papyrus are also not edible, therefore disqualifying them from being considered subsistence crops. What is subsistence with example? Subsistence is defined as the very basic necessities of life. Farming to provide yourself with the necessary food to eat is an example of subsistence.

What are two examples of traditional subsistence agriculture?

In subsistence agriculture, crop failures or livestock deaths place the farmer at risk of starvation. In commercial agriculture, fixed costs of crops sown and interest on debt means that losing even a portion of the crop, or receiving low prices, can easily generate negative cash flow. Steps that a farmer can take to manage such risk include …

What are the factors affecting subsistence farming?

Agriculture, including subsistence farming, is the main economic activity. From a population of nearly 7 million in 2012, agricultural population represented 28% of the total and 24% of the total labor force. The share of agriculture value added in total GDP was 23.1% as of 2011, positioning the country in the first place for this indicator in …

What are the common problems of subsistence farming?

Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture? a. shifting cultivation b. Mediterranean c. pastoral nomadism d. intensive subsistence

Which is a form of subsistence agriculture?

Types of subsistence agriculture include: Shifting cultivation A.K.A Slash and Burn, Pastoral Nomadism, and both types of intensive subsistence. Types of commercial agriculture include: Mixed crop and livestock, Ranching, Dairying, Grain Farming, Mediterranean, Truck, and Plantation farming.

What are the 3 major types of subsistence agriculture?

Subsistence Agricultural Regions: Shifting cultivation (2) Pastoral nomadism (3) Intensive subsistence: wet rice dominant (4)

Which is not an example of subsistence farming?

Explanation: Corn is the only subsistence crop of the presented options. Tobacco, cotton, and rice are all high intensive plantation crops. Tobacco, cotton, rubber, and papyrus are also not edible, therefore disqualifying them from being considered subsistence crops.

What is subsistence farming not?

subsistence farming, form of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and the farmer’s family, leaving little, if any, surplus for sale or trade. Preindustrial agricultural peoples throughout the world have traditionally practiced subsistence farming.

What are the 4 types of agriculture?

There exist four main branches of agriculture, namely;Livestock production.Crop production.agricultural economics.agricultural engineering.

What are the 6 types of agriculture?

6 main types of commercial agriculture in MDCs:Mixed crop and livestock.Dairy farming.Grain farming.Livestock ranching.Mediterranean agriculture.Commercial gardening and fruit farming.

What are the 4 characteristics of subsistence farming?

Many crops from same field. More limits of human labour. Ordinary tools of agriculture are used. Extensive use of fertilizers are used.

Is Mediterranean a form of subsistence agriculture?

Is it Commercial or Subsistence. Mediterranean agriculture is commercial. Grapes and olives are two main cash crops that go into making wine and olive oil which are two major products. 2/3 of the world’s wine is produced in the areas around the Mediterranean Sea.

What is a subsistence crop example?

Specifically, the main subsistence crops are wheat, corn and other cereals.

Which of these is not commercial farming?

Solution: The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Intensive subsistence agriculture.

What are the 8 types of farming?

#2. Shifting Agriculture:#3. Plantation Agriculture:#4. Intensive Farming:#5. Dry Agriculture:#6. Mixed and Multiple Agriculture:#7. Crop Rotation:#8. Terrace Cultivation:

What are the types of subsistence farming class 8?

Subsistence farming can be further categorized as intensive subsistence and primitive subsistence farming.Intensive Subsistence Farming: In this type of farming, the farmer cultivates on a small plot of land. … Primitive Subsistence Farming: Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding come under this type of farming.

What is subsistence farming?

Agriculture in Vietnam. Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings. Subsistence agriculturalists target farm output for survival and for mostly local requirements, with little or no surplus.

How is subsistence agriculture used?

Subsistence agriculture can be used as a poverty alleviation strategy , specifically as a safety net for food-price shocks and for food security. Poor countries are limited in fiscal and institutional resources that would allow them to contain rises in domestic prices as well as to manage social assistance programs, which is often because they are using policy tools that are intended for middle- and high-income countries. Low-income countries tend to have populations in which 80% of poor are in rural areas and more than 90% of rural households have access to land, yet a majority of these rural poor have insufficient access to food. Subsistence agriculture can be used in low-income countries as a part of policy responses to a food crisis in the short and medium term, and provide a safety net for the poor in these countries.

What was the dominant mode of production in the world until recently, when market-based capitalism became widespread?

Subsistence agriculture was the dominant mode of production in the world until recently, when market-based capitalism became widespread.

What are the basic requirements for subsistence agriculture?

Subsistence agriculture generally features: small capital/finance requirements, mixed cropping, limited use of agrochemicals (e.g. pesticides and fertilizer ), unimproved varieties of crops and animals, little or no surplus yield for sale, use of crude/traditional tools (e.g. hoes, machetes, and cutlasses), mainly the production of food crops, performed on small scattered plots of land, reliance on unskilled labour (often family members), and (generally) low yields.

What are some examples of livestock?

Examples are the nomadic Bhotiyas and Gujjars of the Himalayas. They carry their belongings, such as tents, etc., on the backs of donkeys, horses, and camels. In mountainous regions, like Tibet and the Andes, yak and llama are reared. Reindeer are the livestock in arctic and sub-arctic areas.

How do farmers use slash and burn?

While this ” slash-and-burn ” technique may describe the method for opening new land, commonly the farmers in question have in existence at the same time smaller fields, sometimes merely gardens, near the homestead there they practice intensive ”non-shifting” techniques until shortage of fields where they can employ “slash and burn” to clear land and (by the burning) provide fertilizer (ash). Such gardens near the homestead often regularly receive household refuse, and the manure of any household, chickens or goats are initially thrown into compost piles just to get them out of the way. However, such farmers often recognize the value of such compost and apply it regularly to their smaller fields. They also may irrigate part of such fields if they are near a source of water.

What is the name of the farming method that involves bringing animals from one place to another?

Nomadic herding. In this type of farming people migrate along with their animals from one place to another in search of fodder for their animals. Generally they rear cattle, sheep, goats, camels and/or yaks for milk, skin, meat and wool.

What is the last residua of hunter-gatherer societies and subsistence agriculture?

In the modern world, the last residua of hunter–gatherer societies and subsistence agriculture struggle with globalized economic power: the modern and the postmodern conditions sometimes co-exist in close, yet problematic contiguity (Harvey 1989 ). From being marginal to the order of things, conscious economic rationality is now for many ‘life’ itself. ‘Economic life’ tends to absorb, transmute, and meld ‘reality’ into seamless economies of virtualized simulacra, a globalized maya, outside of which there would appear to be no fulcrum for a critical ideology or politics of resistance (Baudrillard 1981 ). In a world in which the virtual exerts hegemony over the residual real the cosmos is silent; yet ambiguous opportunities abound, not least for women seeking freedom from both biological and social construction, as cyborg, prosthetic, and virtual cultures are created and colonized. After the so-called ‘End of History,’ leading sociologists of religion such as Steven Bruce and Bryan Wilson continue to represent religion as subject to terminal attrition by an inevitable process of secularization. Regarded thus, religion can no longer be a resource for the culturally significant critique of total human submission to the dictates of ‘economic life.’ Little would seem left for the researcher into the relation of religion and economic life other than to report on the final stages of religious decline.

How does subsistence agriculture affect HIV?

Farming systems that exhibit a high degree of seasonality of labor demand, significant specialization by age and sex, high interdependence of labor inputs , increasing returns to scale of labor, and low substitutability of labor for capital tend to be particularly vulnerable. Studies have shown significant and enduring impacts. Labor loss occurs not only as a result of sickness and premature adult death, but also due to reallocation of labor to nurse the ill, and siphoning off of working capital to pay medical bills.

How does risk affect farmers?

In subsistence agriculture, crops failing or livestock dying place the farmer at risk of starvation. In commercial agriculture, fixed costs of crops sown and interest on debt means that losing even a portion of the crop, or receiving low prices, can easily generate negative cash flow. Steps a farmer can take to manage such risk include savings, diversification of enterprises, emergency borrowing, and purchase of hazard insurance against output risk, or some form of forward pricing against price risk. It remains open to question however how risk averse farmers are. Basic evidence that risk aversion is important is farmers’ willingness to pay for insurance and their interest in pricing their output in advance. Observations that give pause about the importance of risk aversion are the many farmers who do not buy even subsidized crop insurance and who do not attempt to lock in a price for their output, even when contractual means for doing so are available. Nonetheless, evidence from developing countries suggests risk aversion of a magnitude that could readily impair farmers’ willingness to invest in new production methods even when innovation would pay in expected value (see Moschini and Hennessy 2001 ).

How does poverty affect deforestation?

Populations with high poverty rates are more likely to contribute to deforestation, as farming and illegal logging offer two options to increase incomes and to improve their social situation. Poverty may also increase demand for wood for energy, as individuals may use wood to cook or heat their homes. Foraging for wood fuel can be a contributor to overall deforestation rates.

What are the drivers of deforestation?

One driver of deforestation that is difficult to track is population upheaval associated with either environmental stressors or civil unrest. This includes the impacts of displaced peoples—individuals who flee from war zones or (increasingly) climate refugees who are seeking a more favorable place to live. Some land clearing observed across the tropics is certainly related to these types of events.

How does poor soil quality affect deforestation?

In tropical regions, poor soil quality may also lead to increased deforestation rates as locals practice “slash and burn” agriculture, where forested areas are cleared, farmed until the soil gives out, and then abandoned in favor of yet more forested areas; the cycle thus continues and increasing amounts of forest are lost. This loss is exacerbated when local farmers are not well trained in agricultural practices.

How much deforestation is caused by agriculture?

While commercial agriculture is a significant driver of deforestation, the FAO reports that local or subsistence agriculture is behind a further 33% of deforestation. There is a significant demand for new agricultural land, particularly in the tropics where population pressures may be acute. Approximately 40% of deforestation in Africa and Asia can be related to local agricultural expansion; globally, the number is closer to 33% .

What type of commercial agriculture is found in developing countries rather than more developed countries?

T/F The one type of commercial agriculture found in developing countries rather than more developed countries is mixed crop and livestock.

Why is T/F farming called T/F?

T/F Mediterranean farming is so named because it is practiced only on land bordering the Mediterranean Sea.

What is T/F agriculture?

T/F Subsistence agriculture is designed mainly to generate products for sale off the farm.

Where do pastoral nomads live?

T/F Pastoral nomads primarily live in an arid climate region that stretches from Central Asia to North Africa. True. T/F Despite its location far from world markets, New Zealand is a major dairy producer.

What are the characteristics of subsistence agriculture?

Crops characteristic of subsistence agriculture, including beans, maize and cassava, often show yield ratios relative to current management in excess of 2 (Pretty et al., 2003 ). Those high ratios are used to promote organic agriculture as the solution to developing country agriculture ( Badgley et al., 2007 ). After all, if yield can be doubled without fertiliser, then why struggle to buy any! The answer is found in yields achieved rather than ratios. Despite the increases, the yields remain small. Increasing yield of maize crops from 0.5 to 1.2 t ha −1 (ratio >2), for example, is hardly a long-term solution to hunger when the same gains could be achieved on all fields with small doses of fertiliser, and yields of 5–10 t ha −1 with larger applications.

What are the disadvantages of subsistence farming?

It has the advantage of being ecologically sound, with locally adapted and resilient species and cultivars. The disadvantage, however, is low productivity. Various pressures are leading to the elimination of agroecological farming practices, such as fallow rotation systems, more reliance on commercial seed, and higher chemical and resource input systems. These practices have led to economic losses and environmental damage, including loss of biodiversity, and increases in diseases and pests, particularly crop pests that are resistant to common pesticides.

What do non-ruminant animals need?

Non-ruminant animals have little or no ability to digest and absorb fibre and could not sustain an adequate level of production on forage diets . Pregnant sows can make some use of fibrous feeds owing to their large appetite, some caecal fermentation and relatively limited nutrient requirements, but other classes of pigs and poultry must be fed more nutrient-dense diets. They likewise have no ability to utilise non-protein nitrogen and pig and poultry diets must contain sufficient amounts of high-quality protein, from sources such as soyabean meal, to meet the animals’ needs for specific amino acids. Laying hens have a substantial need for dietary calcium to ensure satisfactory shell formation, and suitable diets contain of the order of 10% calcium carbonate.

How does risk affect farmers?

In subsistence agriculture, crops failing or livestock dying place the farmer at risk of starvation. In commercial agriculture, fixed costs of crops sown and interest on debt means that losing even a portion of the crop, or receiving low prices, can easily generate negative cash flow. Steps a farmer can take to manage such risk include savings, diversification of enterprises, emergency borrowing, and purchase of hazard insurance against output risk, or some form of forward pricing against price risk. It remains open to question however how risk averse farmers are. Basic evidence that risk aversion is important is farmers’ willingness to pay for insurance and their interest in pricing their output in advance. Observations that give pause about the importance of risk aversion are the many farmers who do not buy even subsidized crop insurance and who do not attempt to lock in a price for their output, even when contractual means for doing so are available. Nonetheless, evidence from developing countries suggests risk aversion of a magnitude that could readily impair farmers’ willingness to invest in new production methods even when innovation would pay in expected value (see Moschini and Hennessy 2001 ).

What is non-ruminant livestock?

Above subsistence farming levels, non-ruminant livestock are typically fed harvested and processed feeds that can be controlled in terms of both quantity and quality. Some of these feeds may have been grown or manufactured locally, while others will have been transported thousands of miles by road, rail and water. Commercial units of free-range pigs and poultry may provide greater space for their livestock, but there is commonly little divergence from the diet that is fed to animals maintained indoors. Organically grown stock are fed different diets, in that they do not include genetically modified materials or feeds that have been produced with the aid of pesticides or inorganic fertilisers. However, like conventional feeds, organic feed materials are not all grown locally and they too may have been subjected to different climatic and storage conditions, and different legislative controls, from those at home.

What is poor farming?

Poor farmers practice subsistence agriculture and usually have a hand to mouth living. Their annual year’s income is dependent on monsoons. Any changes in the rainfall and temperature extremes can impact the crop production and adversely impact their livelihoods.

What is the diet of a dairy cow?

The diet of highly productive dairy cows often comprises a high proportion of nutrient-dense feeds with only a minimum proportion of herbage, forage or straw – long fibrous feeds provided to ensure satisfactory rumen function.

What is a food regime?

A food regime is the specific set of links that exists among food production, consumption, capital investment and accumulation opportunities. Since the 1960s, global agriculture has changed from a wheat and livestock food regime to a. a. fish regime. b. hot dish and casserole regime.

Which crop was first domesticated in Africa?

The map of crop hearths indicates that. A.maize, potatoes, squash, and taro were first domesticated in Sun-Saharan Africa. B. Soybeans, rice, squash, coconuts, and sorghum were first domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa. C. Yams, sorghum, coffee, and cowpeas were first domesticated in sun-Saharan Africa.

What is level E in agriculture?

E) levels of livestock production with the mixed crop and livestock regions.

Why is debris mulched?

B) Debris is mulched to provide the soil with nutrients.

History of Subsistence Agriculture

Subsistence farming was the first type of agriculture seen in early civilization, developed over 12,000 years ago. Archeological evidence points to grains being some of the first subsistence crops farmed and cultivated by people.

Subsistence Agriculture Features

In subsistence farming, fields are often a mix of crop groups. Polyculture, or mixed cropping, allows for many crops to be planted together in complimentary groups. Planting certain crops together helps to replicate a natural ecosystem and improves the quality of the soil.

Shifting Agriculture

Shifting agriculture is a type of farming that moves the location of fields after nutrients are depleted, allowing natural vegetation to reclaim the used areas. This form of subsistence farming is mostly found in areas with large forest ecosystems. Trees are chopped or burned down, allowing room for crops to be planted.

Primitive Farming

Primitive farming is the most simplistic form of subsistence farming. The level of technology used for maintaining subsistence crops is relatively basic. Small gardens near homesteads are an example of primitive farming. These gardens benefit from the use of common household fertilizers, such as compost, animal manure, or ash from fireplaces.

Overview

Types of subsistence farming

In this type of farming, a patch of forest land is cleared by a combination of felling (chopping down) and burning, and crops are grown. After 2–3 years the fertility of the soil begins to decline, the land is abandoned and the farmer moves to clear a fresh piece of land elsewhere in the forest as the process continues. While the land is left fallow the forest regrows in the cleared area and soil fertility and biomassis restored. After a decade or more, the farmer may return to the first pie…

History

Contemporary practices

Poverty alleviation

See also

Further reading