which was not a result of the agricultural revolution

What was the impact of the Agricultural Revolution?

 · Which is not a result of the agricultural revolution? A) longer life expectancy B) increased standard of living C) lower infant mortality rates D) increased nomadic activity

When did the agricultural revolution begin and end?

But Britain’s lead eroded as European countries experienced their own agricultural revolutions, raising grain yields on average by 60% in the century preceding World War I. Interestingly, the Agricultural Revolution in Britain did not result in overall productivity per hectare of agriculture that would rival productivity in China, where intensive cultivation (including multiple annual …

What were some aspects of the agrarian revolution?

But Britain’s lead eroded as European countries experienced their own agricultural revolutions, raising grain yields on average by 60% in the century preceding World War I. Interestingly, the Agricultural Revolution in Britain did not result in overall productivity per hectare of agriculture that would rival productivity in China, where intensive cultivation (including multiple annual …

Why was the agricultural revolution in Britain a turning point?

The era of infectious diseases began after the agricultural revolution took place, a time when the community began to increase in size and live close to animals by farming and herding. The age of chronic diseases following the Industrial Revolution can be said to have been caused by increased caloric intake and by the growing number of factors detrimental to human health, …

What were the results of the Agricultural Revolution?

The agricultural revolution had a variety of consequences for humans. It has been linked to everything from societal inequality—a result of humans’ increased dependence on the land and fears of scarcity—to a decline in nutrition and a rise in infectious diseases contracted from domesticated animals.

What are the 3 main agricultural revolutions?

Key Takeaways: Agriculture, Food Production, and Rural Land UseThere were three agricultural revolutions that changed history. … There are two primary methods of farming in the world. … Von Thunen’s model of agricultural land use focuses on transportation.More items…•

What were 3 causes of the Agricultural Revolution?

For many years the agricultural revolution in England was thought to have occurred because of three major changes: the selective breeding of livestock; the removal of common property rights to land; and new systems of cropping, involving turnips and clover.

What was negative about the Agricultural Revolution?

Another negative that came from the Agricultural Revolution was the necessary conditions needed for efficient farming, such as; adequate farm buildings, access of roads, drainage of wetlands, transport facilities for marketing, and sources of finance for farmers.

What was the agricultural revolution quizlet?

Definition: The Agricultural Revolution describes a period of agricultural development in Europe between the 15th century and the end of the 19th century, which saw an increase in productivity and net output that broke the historical food scarcity cycles.

What is the agricultural revolution?

The agricultural revolution is the name given to a number of cultural transformations that initially allowed humans to change from a hunting and gathering subsistence to one of agriculture and animal domestications.

What caused the Agricultural Revolution quizlet?

The agricultural revolution was caused by the need to feed the quickly growing population. English aristocracy contributed land to be rented, which caused the peasants to revolt, because the land they used for farming and grazing was being rented out to other farmers.

What did not improve during the Industrial Revolution?

According to the historian T.S. Ashton, one reason that standard of living did not improve during industrialization was that machinery took over man’s job leading to employers firing people or downsizing the amount of workers, due to machinery being introduced into workplaces.

What were the positive and negative consequences of the Agricultural Revolution?

– Positive: There are more people because there is enough food. More ideas can be created and the population can become more diverse. – Negative: More competition for space and resources.

What were two effects of the Agricultural Revolution of the Middle Ages?

Two effects of the agricultural revolution of the Middle Ages were technology improving farming and production and population growth. Peasants started using iron plows that carved deep into the heavy soil. A new type of harness for horses was also invented.

What major effects did the Agricultural Revolution have on the environment?

The Agricultural Revolution impacted the environment, transforming forests and previously undisturbed land into farmland, destroyed habitats, decreased biodiversity and released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Was the Agricultural Revolution good or bad?

It is estimated that total agricultural output grew 2.7-fold between 1700 and 1870 and output per worker at a similar rate. The Agricultural Revolution gave Britain the most productive agriculture in Europe, with 19th-century yields as much as 80% higher than the Continental average.

How many acres were there in the agricultural revolution?

Between 1604 and 1914, over 5,200 individual acts were put into place, enclosing 6.8 million acres. Agricultural Revolution: The unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain due to increases in labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries.

What were the new agricultural practices?

The Agricultural Revolution, the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries, was linked to such new agricultural practices as crop rotation, selective breeding, and a more productive use of arable land.

Why is rotation important for crops?

Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons to help restore plant nutrients and mitigate the build-up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one plant species is continuously cropped . Rotation can also improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants. The Norfolk System, as it is now known, rotates crops so that different crops are planted with the result that different kinds and quantities of nutrients are taken from the soil as the plants grow. An important feature of the Norfolk four-field system was that it used labor at times when demand was not at peak levels. Planting cover crops such as turnips and clover was not permitted under the common field system because they interfered with access to the fields and other people’s livestock could graze the turnips.

What crops were planted in the Middle Ages?

Following a two-field crop rotation system common in the Middle Ages and a three-year three field crop rotation routine employed later, the regular planting of legumes such as peas and beans in the fields that were previously fallow became central and slowly restored the fertility of some croplands.

Where did the Dutch plough come from?

The Dutch plough was brought to Britain by Dutch contractors. In 1730, Joseph Foljambe in Rotherham, England, used new shapes as the basis for the Rotherham plough, which also covered the moldboard with iron. By 1770, it was the cheapest and best plough available. It spread to Scotland, America, and France.

How did legumes help plants grow?

The planting of legumes helped to increase plant growth in the empty field due to the bacteria on legume roots’ ability to fix nitrogen from the air into the soil in a form that plants could use . Other crops that were occasionally grown were flax and members of the mustard family.

Why is crop rotation important?

It helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield.

What were the effects of the agricultural revolution?

The increase in agricultural production and technological advancements during the Agricultural Revolution contributed to unprecedented population growth and new agricultural practices, triggering such phenomena as rural-to-urban migration, development of a coherent and loosely regulated agricultural market, and emergence of capitalist farmers.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the demand for rural labor?

The development and advancement of tools and machines decreased the demand for rural labor. That together with increasingly restricted access to land forced many rural workers to migrate to cities, eventually supplying the labor demand created by the Industrial Revolution.

How did free market capitalism affect farmers?

With the development of regional markets and eventually a national market aided by improved transportation infrastructures, farmers were no longer dependent on their local markets and were less subject to having to sell at low prices into an oversupplied local market and not being able to sell their surpluses to distant localities that were experiencing shortages. They also became less subject to price fixing regulations. Farming became a business rather than solely a means of subsistence. Under free market capitalism, farmers had to remain competitive. To be successful, they had to become effective managers who incorporated the latest farming innovations in order to be low-cost producers.

Why did agriculture increase in Britain?

The unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain due to increases in labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries. Agricultural output grew faster than the population over the century to 1770 and thereafter productivity remained among the highest in the world.

What was the most productive agricultural revolution in Europe?

The Agricultural Revolution gave Britain at the time the most productive agriculture in Europe, with 19th-century yields as much as 80% higher than the Continental average. Even as late as 1900, British yields were rivaled only by Denmark, the Netherlands, and Belgium.

Why did farmers become less dependent on their local markets?

With the development of regional markets and eventually a national market aided by improved transportation infrastructures, farmers were no longer dependent on their local markets. This freed them from having to lower prices in an oversupplied local market and the inability to sell surpluses to distant localities experiencing shortages. They also became less subject to price fixing regulations. Farming became a business rather than solely a means of subsistence.

How did the increase in food supply affect the population of England and Wales?

Social Impact. The increase in the food supply contributed to the rapid growth of population in England and Wales, from 5.5 million in 1700 to over 9 million by 1801 , although domestic production gave way increasingly to food imports in the 19th century as population more than tripled to over 32 million.

How did the agricultural revolution affect the human population?

The agricultural revolution in developing countries has produced large resident human populations with the potential for direct person-to-person spread of infection and greater environmental contamination by feces.

What was the agricultural revolution?

The agricultural revolution is the name given to a number of cultural transformations that initially allowed humans to change from a hunting and gathering subsistence to one of agriculture and animal domestications. Today, more than 80% of human worldwide diet is produced from less than a dozen crop species many of which were domesticated many years ago. Scientists study ancient remains, bone artifacts, and DNA to explore the past and present impact of plant and animal domestication and to make sense of the motivations behind early cultivation techniques. Archeological evidence illustrates that starting in the Holocene epoch approximately 12 thousand years ago (kya), the domestication of plants and animals developed in separate global locations most likely triggered by climate change and local population increases. This transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture occurred very slowly as humans selected crops for cultivation, animals for domestication, then continued to select plants and animals for desirable traits. The development of agriculture marks a major turning point in human history and evolution. In several independent domestication centers, cultivation of plants and animals flourished according to the particular environmental conditions of the region, whereas human migration and trade propelled the global spread of agriculture. This change in subsistence provided surplus plant food that accumulated during the summer and fall for storage and winter consumption, as well as domesticated animals that could be used for meat and dairy products throughout the year. Because these new survival strategies no longer required relocation and migration in search of food, humans were able to establish homesteads, towns, and communities, which, in turn, caused rapid increases in population densities and lead to the emergence of civilizations. This dependence on plant and animal domestication entailed a number of other environmental adaptations including deforestation, irrigation, and the allocation of land for specific crop cultivation. It also triggered various other innovations including new tool technologies, commerce, architecture, an intensified division of labor, defined socioeconomic roles, property ownership, and tiered political systems. This shift in subsistence mode provided a relatively safer existence and in general more leisure time for analytical and creative pursuits resulting in complex language development, and the accelerated evolution of art, religion, and science. However, increases in population density also correlated with the increased prevalence of diseases, interpersonal conflicts, and extreme social stratification. The rise of agriculture and the influence of genetics and culture (gene–culture coevolution) continue to affect modern humans through alterations in nutrition, predisposition to obesity, and exposure to new diseases. This chapter will cover the various regions that adopted early agricultural practices and look at the long-term positive and negative effects of agriculture on society.

What is the genetic signature of farmers and breeders from the Near East?

For instance, based on genetic information, an acculturation model by itself would not explain the presence of DNA markers in India known to signal the movement of pastoralists and agriculturists from the Levant. Today the genetic signature of farmers and breeders from the Near East can be traced using Y chromosome–specific ( Fig. 7.16) and mtDNA-specific lineages, as well as whole-genome genetic markers. 56 Y chromosome type J, for example, has a focus of high concentration within the Fertile Crescent and gradually diffuses along the Arabian Sea coast of Iran and Pakistan, as well as the littoral region of western India, eventually extending into Sri Lanka ( Fig. 7.16 ). This is the expected genetic distribution pattern if haplogroup J males migrated into the subcontinent, disseminating their genes along a coastal route in peninsular India. Specifically, Y haplogroup J2a-M410 exhibits a pattern of gene flow from the Fertile Crescent during the Neolithic period about 10,000 ya into the Indian subcontinent. 57 More recent genetic studies suggest that the distribution of Y haplogroups J2a-M410 and J2b-M102 in South Asia indicates a complex scenario of multiple expansions from the Near East to South Asia. 58 Maternally derived mtDNA lineages also indicate that a number of the West Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups detected in the Indian populace are attributed to gene flow from the Near East about 9300 ya. 59 Whole-genome investigations also detected Eurasian gene flow from Iran and the Near East dating to the times of the Agricultural Revolution. 60 Additional recent studies based on specific genes, such as the one that controls lactose tolerance, suggest gene flow from Iran and the Middle East about 10,000 ya. 61 It seems that individuals in India carry the same lactose-tolerant gene mutation seen in the Near East and Europeans. Although there is always the possibility that the same gene variant (mutation) occurred in both places independently, it is more likely that a single lactose-tolerant gene originated in the Near East and then was transported to South Asia by migrating farmers. Altogether, these data are congruent with a demographic picture in which the lactose-tolerant mutation dispersed in two directions from the site of origin in the Near East during the Agricultural Revolution. One branch moved into Europe, whereas the other moved into South Asia using a coastal trajectory following the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean where the mutation is found. It is highly likely that this lactose-tolerant mutation reached polymorphic levels throughout its distribution range as a result of positive selection generated by the consumption of milk and dairy products made by farmers from domesticates.

What are the effects of urbanization?

Rapid urbanization, especially in the tropics, is often associated with increased poverty, poor housing and unsanitary conditions. The result is that people may be living in a more fecally polluted environment than in rural areas, encouraging such diseases as amebiasis and giardiasis.

How does agriculture affect humans?

The rise of agriculture and the influence of genetics and culture (gene–culture coevolution) continue to affect modern humans through alterations in nutrition, predisposition to obesity, and exposure to new diseases.

Why did humans establish homesteads?

Because these new survival strategies no longer required relocation and migration in search of food, humans were able to establish homesteads, towns, and communities, which, in turn, caused rapid increases in population densities and lead to the emergence of civilizations.

How long after the Neolithic Revolution did fertility increase?

There was a significant increase (regression: adjusted R2 0.95, P < .0001) in fertility between immediately prior to the Neolithic Revolution and about 3000 years after its beginning (calculated by the author).

What was the agricultural revolution?

The Agricultural Revolution was a major event in world history and had a profound effect on populations throughout Europe and other historical events. For example, many historians consider the Agricultural Revolution to be a major cause of the Industrial Revolution, especially in terms of when and how it began in Britain.

What were the main features of the agricultural revolution?

Jethro Tull. Another important feature of the Agricultural Revolution was the Enclosure Movement . In the decades and centuries before the 1700s, British farmers planted their crops on small strips of land while allowing their animals to graze on common fields shared collectively.

How did the agricultural revolution affect the Industrial Revolution?

As stated previously, the increased food production allowed Britain’s population to also increase which benefitted the Industrial Revolution in two ways. First, the increased population helped produce workers for the factories and mines that were so important to the Industrial Revolution. Second, the larger population created a market for goods to sold to which helped the owners of the factories to make a profit off of the sale of their goods.

How did the increase in food production help the Industrial Revolution?

First, the increased population helped produce workers for the factories and mines that were so important to the Industrial Revolution.

Why was the increase in population important to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?

The increased population was important to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution because it created a large workforce for the factories and mines that would be common during the time. A key aspect of the Industrial Revolution was the invention of different types of machines, many of which were used in farming and agriculture. …

Why did European farmers not plant the same crop every year?

This would cause them to have to not plant anything in the field every few years in order to avoid destroying the quality of the soil.

When did the Industrial Revolution begin?

For example, the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 18th century due in part to an increase in food production, which was the key outcome of the Agricultural Revolution. As such, the Agricultural Revolution is considered to have begun in the 17th century and continued throughout the centuries that followed, …

What was the agricultural revolution?

Agricultural revolution, gradual transformation of the traditional agricultural system that began in Britain in the 18th century. Aspects of this complex transformation, which was not completed until the 19th century, included the reallocation of land ownership to make farms more compact and an increased investment in technical improvements, …

What is crop rotation?

crop rotation, the successive cultivation of different crops in a specified order on the same fields, in contrast to a one-crop system or to haphazard crop successions. Throughout human history, wherever food crops have been produced, some kind of rotation cropping appears to have been practiced. One system in central Africa…

What was cut for feed in the fourth year?

The clover and ryegrass were cut for feed or grazed in the fourth year. In the winter, cattle and sheep were fed the turnips. The development of Shorthorn beef cattle through selective breeding of local cattle of the Teeswater district, Durham county, typified the advances brought about by scientific breeding.

Who experimented with new agricultural methods?

A. Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.

Which group exploited their overseas colonies for slaves?

B. Industrialized nations exploited their overseas colonies for slaves.