why are technological and institutional reforms essential for indian agriculture

Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than 60 per cent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence.

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How to bring about institutional reforms in agri agriculture?

Technological Reforms: For the improvement of agricultural yield, new-technologies and equipment have been introduced in the recent years. 1. Use of tube-wells and water-pumps, tractor, tiller, thresher etc. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Similarly, drip irrigation and sprinklers are used for irrigation, where the water supply is less and to irrigate more …

What are the technological and institutional changes initiated in India?

 · Technological and institutional reforms made in the field of agriculture in India. Agriculture development implies giving assistance to farmers or crop producers by providing them various agricultural support. Providing security, helping in the research area, employing advanced techniques, checking pests and facilitating diversity all fall under the category of …

How did the government of India improve the lot of Agriculture?

The technological and institutional changes initiated in India to improve the condition of farmers include: The land reforms initiated in the first five-year plan aimed to: abolish zamindari and; …

What are the new technologies used in agriculture in India?

Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition. Reduction in the public investment in agriculture sector particularly in irrigation, power, rural roads, market and …

What are the technological and institutional reforms in Indian agriculture?

(i) Land reforms: collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari. (ii) Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution. (iii) Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc.

What are the important technological and institutional reforms introduced to improve agriculture?

Answer. The technological and institutional reforms made in the field of agriculture are : (a) Land reforms : Collectivization, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari. (b) Agricultural reforms : Green Revolution and White Revolution.

What is the impact of technical and institutional reforms in agriculture class 10?

Answer: Technological reforms: provision for crop Insurance against draught, flood, cyclone, fire and Coster discase , establishment of Gramin banks cooperative societies and banks for providing loans facilities to farmers at lower rate of interest where at some important steps given by government.

What are institutional reforms in agriculture class 10?

Steps taken by the government to breing about improvements in agriculture are termed as ‘Institutional Reforms’. Some steps are: Collectivisation and consolidation of land holdings to make them economically viable.

How have the technological and institutional reforms been able to improve the condition of Indian agriculture explain with suitable examples?

1. Use of tube-wells and water-pumps, tractor, tiller, thresher etc. 2. Similarly, drip irrigation and sprinklers are used for irrigation, where the water supply is less and to irrigate more places with less water.

Why do we need to have technological and institutional reforms in our country?

Why do we need to have technical and institutional reforms in India? Answer: (i) Agriculture has been practiced in India for thousands of years. (ii) Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development.

What are technological reforms in agriculture?

Green Revolution (GR), the first major technological reform, was initiated in 1966. Since it involved intensification of agriculture with the help of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, promoting mechanisation and required irrigation and chemical fertilizers, GR entailed high investments.

What are the institutional and technological reforms introduced by government at the interest of farmers?

(iii) The various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government for the benefit of farmers are :- Minimum Support Price policy, provision for crop insurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilisers, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check …

What do you mean by technological reforms in agriculture BYJU’s?

Technological reforms refer to advanced methods and modern equipment in farming to increase productivity.

What are the technological and institutional reforms introduced by the govt to improve Indian agriculture in 1960s and 1970s?

Answer. Explanation: Collectivisation, consolidation of land holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari etc. were given priority to bring institutional reforms in the country after independence.

What were the institutional reforms which have played a significant role in transforming Indian agriculture?

Briefly describe the institutional reforms introduced in Indian agriculture. Hint: Government of India mainly emphasized land reforms, the Green Revolution, the issuing of KCC and PAIS, the establishment of Grameen banks, and cooperative societies on account of institutional reforms in agriculture.

What are institutional reforms?

Institutional Reforms: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. To initiate with government to provide facilities to the farmers. The government has started many programmes like Green Revolution, White Revolution or Operation floods. 2. The government has assembled small lands to make them economically practicable. 3.

What are the technological reforms?

Technological Reforms: For the improvement of agricultural yield, new-technologies and equipment have been introduced in the recent years. 1. Use of tube-wells and water-pumps, tractor, tiller, thresher etc. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Similarly, drip irrigation and sprinklers are used for irrigation, where the water supply is less …

Why are chemical fertilizers being supplemented by biofertilizers?

Chemical fertilizers which have been used on a large scale are now being supplemented by biofertilizers to retain the fertility of the land. 4. The farm produces are carried to the market on trucks through all weather roads and faster means of transport.

Why did the government announce the minimum price for the crop grown by the farmers?

The government also announced minimum price for the crop grown by the farmers to remove the elements of uncertainty and get correct price for their products. Indian, Reforms, agriculture, technological, helps, Institutional, improving. Useful facts on Gandhi’s conception of an ideal society.

What do radio and television tell farmers about?

3. Radio and television broadcasting tell farmers about the new and improved techniques of cultivation or to give upto-date knowledge to the farmers.

What are the technological and institutional changes initiated in India to improve the condition of farmers?

The technological and institutional changes initiated in India to improve the condition of farmers include: The land reforms initiated in the first five-year plan aimed to: abolish zamindari and. consolidate land holdings.

When did the government start a land development programme?

The government launched a comprehensive land development programme in the 1980s and 1990s: Insurance cover to farmers against damage to crops and. Setting up of rural banks and cooperative societies to provide them loans on easy rates of interest.

Why did the government start broadcasting radio and television programmes?

The government also started broadcasting radio and television programmes to educate farmers about new techniques of agriculture and give them prior warning about weather conditions . To stop the exploitation of farmers by middlemen, the government announced the procurement, remunerative and minimum support prices of all the major crops in India.

What was the green revolution?

The consolidation of land holdings involved combining adjacent small fields into single large farms and encouraging individual land owners to do cooperative farming. Agricultural reforms in the 1960s and 1970s known as the green revolution in India:

What is crop insurance?

Crop insurance to protect the farmers against loses by natural and man – made calamities.

Is reducing import duties on agricultural products detrimental to agriculture in the country?

Reduction in import duties on agricultural products have proved detrimental to agriculture in the country.

Why did some land-owners choose to provide some part of their land tothe poor farmers?

It was known as Gramdan. However, many land-owners chose to provide some part of their land tothe poor farmers due to the fear of land ceiling act.

Why did the cotton belts of India attract the British?

During the British period cotton belts of India attracted the British and ultimately cotton was exported to Britain as a raw material for their textile industries. Cotton textile industry in Manchester and Liverpool flourished due to the availability of good quality cotton from India. You have read aboutthe Champaran movement which started in 1917 in Bihar. This was started because farmers of that region were forced to grow indigo on their land because it was necessary for the textile industries which were located in Britain. They were unable to grow foodgrains to sustain their families.

Why is organic farming so popular?

Infact organic farming is much in vogue today because it is practised without factory made chemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides. Hence, it does not affect environment in a negative manner.

Why did the Champaran movement start?

This was started because farmers of that region were forced to grow indigo on their land because it was necessary for the textile industries which were located in Britain. They were unable to grow foodgrains to sustain their families.

What is the priority of reforming Indian agriculture?

Reforms in four areas should be the priority if the current government’s agenda of doubling farmer incomes is to be accomplished in the coming years. First, the focus of agricultural policies must shift from production per se to farmers’ livelihoods. Second, policies to improve the allocation and efficiency …

How does agriculture affect India?

Second, agriculture holds a key to reducing India’s double burden of under- and over-nutrition, directly affecting public health and worker productivity. Third, agriculture has the potential to spur, rather than be a drag on India’s overall gross domestic product (GDP) growth.

Why are reforms needed?

Third, reforms are needed to help farmers cope with the growing risks of weather and price volatility.

What are the issues in Indian agriculture?

The critical issues in Indian agriculture are related to knowledge and infrastructure . Although there isn’t a lack of initiatives and institutions to tackle these issues, we have to become better at managing big systems to achieve success in our endeavors. At the same time, we should look into new approaches like private sector participation and harnessing of indigenous knowlege to improve performance. Small farmers who are especially vulnerable to the monsoons should be focused upon and services like credit and crop insurance should be made more accessible. This will ensure that agricultural sector remains viable and caters to the country’s needs.

Why is government failure a concern in agriculture?

Government failure is a major concern in agriculture because the high risks involved make help and facilitation necessary. Like any other business enterprise, agriculture is subjected to high risks because of the volatile nature of the factors involved.

Why do farmers join together?

Groups of farmers can join together to do certain common things like procuring inputs as well as selling the produce, and even getting credit and knowledge of farming practices. In certain places, contract farming to some extent helps wherever there is labour intensive work.

What is the second aspect of private sector intervention?

The second aspect which prevents private sector intervention is that most private players want quick returns. In agriculture most of the returns come in the long term and it requires a lot of time and effort in developing the markets. There exist many new concepts like commodity markets and futures.

Is irrigation infrastructure in India disparate?

Tejas: The irrigation infrastructure in India is disparate in its access and reach to various regions in the country. Similar irrigation facilities do not occur across all regions and within the same region not all farmers have equal access.

Do cooperatives work in capitalist countries?

It is a general perception that cooperatives do not work well in capitalist nations, but we have seen a number of cooperatives work efficiently in America. In contrast, Anand’s milk cooperative is the only successful cooperative in our country. The solution probably lies in education.

Is there a point in protecting agriculture jobs if we want cheaper food?

GN: There is no point in protecting agriculture jobs if we want cheaper food. With NREGS rural wages have gone up including areas where there are fast growing urban centre. With higher wages there is no incentive to produce agriculture crops and so for cheaper food and cheaper agricultural produce the only option is to go for mechanization. It is correct to the extent that it releases people from rural to urban areas which require more people. Of course, there are problems associated but we need to see if it’s alright if food is expensive and either pay higher wages or leave it to the market to decide what food prices should be. These are difficult choices and the balancing that needs to be done involves a trade off between the long run and short run outlook. In the long run if we say it’s okay to have higher food prices because we assume that with the current income growth rate the per capita income will go up and food being a small part of income it is not very important. However, in the short run we can’t do that because there are a lot of poor people. Hence we need to encourage mechanization. Also, it is increasingly very difficult and expensive to rear animals even in the rural areas. There are no common resources available any longer such as common forests or grazing lands so farmers have to go for confined feeding that means higher costs hence it is not feasible at all. Hence animal husbandry is no longer feasible except the milch animals and that too in some places. With all these changes mechanization is required.

Agriculture Reforms

This article is based on “Reforming Indian Agriculture” which was published in Economic and Political Weekly on 14/03/2020. It talks about challenges and solutions pertaining to India’s Agriculture sector.

Steps to Increase Farmers’ Income

Freeing up input prices to market levels, or charging an optimum cost pricing for fertilisers, power, agri-credit, and canal waters fees.